The ANS is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and breathing.

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response, which prepares the body for physical exertion or danger.

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest-and-digest' response, which promotes relaxation and recovery.

Music can influence the ANS through various mechanisms, including stimulating hormone release, affecting neural pathways, and altering heart rate and blood pressure.

Heavy metal music is often associated with increased heart rate and blood pressure due to its fast tempo and intense instrumentation.

Classical music is often associated with decreased heart rate and blood pressure due to its slower tempo and calming melodies.

Music can reduce the release of stress hormones such as cortisol, which can lead to a sense of relaxation and well-being.

The temporal lobe, particularly the auditory cortex, is primarily responsible for processing music and extracting its emotional and structural components.

Musical frisson is the term used to describe the intense emotional response, often accompanied by physical sensations, that some people experience when listening to music.

Music therapy can be used to reduce stress and anxiety, improve mood and well-being, alleviate pain, and promote relaxation.

Increased heart rate is a physiological response to music that is associated with increased alertness and arousal.

Relaxed muscle tension is a physiological response to music that is associated with relaxation and calmness.

Slowed breathing rate is a physiological response to music that is associated with reduced stress and anxiety.

Increased dopamine release is a physiological response to music that is associated with improved mood and well-being.

Release of endorphins is a physiological response to music that is associated with reduced pain perception.