The ANC was established on January 8, 1912, in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

John Dube, a prominent educator and minister, served as the first president of the ANC from 1912 to 1917.

Initially, the ANC focused on fighting against racial segregation and discrimination, advocating for equal rights and opportunities for black South Africans.

The Sharpeville Massacre, which occurred on March 21, 1960, was a pivotal moment in the ANC's struggle. The massacre, in which police killed 69 unarmed protesters, led to widespread outrage and international condemnation.

Nelson Mandela, along with other ANC leaders, was arrested and put on trial in the Rivonia Trial, which lasted from 1963 to 1964.

The Rivonia Trial resulted in the conviction and life imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and other ANC leaders.

Nelson Mandela spent the majority of his imprisonment on Robben Island, a maximum-security prison off the coast of Cape Town.

The Anti-Apartheid Movement, a global movement of activists and organizations, played a crucial role in raising awareness about apartheid and pressuring the South African government for change.

Nelson Mandela was released from prison on February 11, 1990, after spending 27 years in captivity.

The Multi-Party Negotiations, which began in 1990, brought together the ANC, the National Party, and other political parties to negotiate a peaceful transition to a democratic South Africa.

South Africa held its first democratic elections on April 27-28, 1994.

Nelson Mandela was elected as the first president of democratic South Africa in 1994.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established to investigate human rights abuses during apartheid, promote reconciliation, and provide amnesty to perpetrators who made full disclosure of their crimes.

The Commonwealth of Nations played a significant role in facilitating the negotiations between the ANC and the South African government, leading to the end of apartheid.

The African National Congress is currently the ruling party of South Africa, having won the majority of seats in the National Assembly in the most recent elections.