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Biochemistry (GATE XL)

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Choose the correct statement about wax.

  1. Wax made by bees is classified as lipid.

  2. Human ears make wax and this wax protects the inside of our ears.

  3. A substance called carbohydrate is found on the surfaces of plant leaves.

  4. Wax stops water from evaporating from leaves and protects the plant.

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct option.

Cell signalling is reported in

  1. replication

  2. mutation

  3. transcription

  4. interferon

  5. None of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins. 

The tissue plasminogen factor is applicable for

  1. dissolving the unwanted blood clots

  2. treatment of diabetes

  3. viral diseases

  4. treatment of heamopilias

  5. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Plasminogen adopts an open form that can be converted into active plasmin by a variety of enzymes, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), kallikrein and factor XII.

Which of the following are polysaccharide compounds?

A. Glycogen B. Cellulose C. Starch D. Sucrose

  1. A, B and C

  2. A, C and D

  3. Only A and B

  4. A, B and D

  5. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. Starch or amylum is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants.

Cytokines are involved in

  1. autocrin signalling

  2. major histocomptibality complex

  3. thyroxin

  4. oxytocin

  5. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Autocrine signalling is a form of cell signalling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell.

The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin are secreted from

  1. posterior pituitary gland

  2. lacrimal gland

  3. parotid gland

  4. periurethral gland

  5. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The posterior pituitary is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. 

Stensen duct is related to the

  1. mouth

  2. tongue

  3. duodenum

  4. lungs

  5. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Stensen duct is the route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland into the mouth.

Choose the respective vitamin representations of the given compounds.

(a) Riboflavin (b) Ascorbic acid (c) Thiamine (d) Tocopherols

  1. B2, B1, C, E

  2. B2, C, B1, E

  3. C, B1, E, B2

  4. C, E, B1, B2

  5. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option.

The inflammation of lacrimal glands is called

  1. pterygopalatine fossa

  2. dacryoadenitis

  3. lacrimal punctum

  4. infundibulum

  5. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Inflammation of the lacrimal glands is called dacryoadenitis.

Which of the following statements is correct about silencing RNA?

  1. Expression of silencing RNA in cells is typically accomplished by delivery of plasmids or through viral or bacterial vectors.

  2. Silencing RNA functions by causing tRNA to be break after transcription.

  3. Silencing RNA interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences.

  4. Silencing RNA promotes the target gene.

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option (2) is the correct answer.

__________ is the study of cellular and physiological trait variations that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence.

  1. Epigenetics

  2. Epigenomic

  3. Cell potency

  4. Totipotency

  5. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Epigenetics is the study of cellular and physiological trait variations that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence.

Choose the true statement for sigma factor.

  1. It works with transcription factors to increase the rate of gene transcription.

  2. Its inhibits the transcriptional activity.

  3. It complexes with RNA polymerase and encodes sequence specificity.

  4. It works with transcription factors to decrease the rate of gene transcription.

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A sigma factor (σ factor) is a protein needed only for initiation of RNA synthesis. It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase to gene promoters. 

Which of the following is an anti-sweetener glycoprotein compound?

  1. Aspartame

  2. Gymnemic acid

  3. Curculin

  4. Brazzein

  5. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Gymnemic acids are glycosides isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae). Gymnemic acids like ziziphin and hodulcine are anti-sweetener compounds.

Which of the following is a multidrug resistance glycoprotein?

  1. Glycoprotein P

  2. Glycoprotein 41

  3. Envelope glycoprotein 120

  4. Envelope glycoprotein 160

  5. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

P-glycoprotein is a multidrug resistance protein.

_________ refers to a cell that differentiates into endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm.

  1. Totipotency

  2. Pluripotency

  3. Induced pluripoteny

  4. Multipotency

  5. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pluripotency refers to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm.

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