Land-based activities, such as industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and sewage disposal, contribute the majority of marine pollution.

Chemical pollution refers to the contamination of the marine environment with harmful chemicals, which can have adverse effects on marine life and human health.

Plastic pollution can cause entanglement of marine animals, ingestion of plastic by marine organisms, and disruption of marine food chains, leading to negative impacts on marine ecosystems.

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) is the main international agreement that aims to prevent pollution of the marine environment by ships.

MPAs serve multiple purposes, including reducing fishing pressure, controlling human activities, and facilitating scientific research, all of which contribute to mitigating marine pollution.

Green infrastructure, such as wetlands, mangroves, and coral reefs, can act as natural buffers to protect coastal areas from pollution and erosion.

Public participation plays a crucial role in raising awareness, providing input, and promoting sustainable practices, all of which contribute to effective marine and coastal zone management.

UNEP is the leading global environmental authority that coordinates efforts to protect the marine environment and promote sustainable development.

Pollution prevention refers to measures taken to reduce the generation of pollutants and their release into the environment.

Eutrophication is a type of marine pollution caused by excessive nutrient inputs, which can lead to algal blooms and oxygen depletion in coastal waters.

Pollution remediation refers to the process of cleaning up and restoring polluted environments, including marine environments.

Zoning, setbacks, and easements are all examples of regulatory tools used in coastal zone management to control development and activities in coastal areas.

Pollution monitoring refers to the process of collecting and analyzing data to assess the levels of pollutants in the environment.

The London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter is an international agreement that aims to reduce pollution from land-based sources that enter the marine environment.

Pollution mitigation refers to the process of reducing the impacts of pollution on the environment and human health.