Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire from its founding in 330 AD until its fall in 1453 AD.

Greek was the official language of the Byzantine Empire throughout its history.

Christianity was the dominant religion of the Byzantine Empire from its founding until its fall.

The Byzantine Empire made significant contributions to the Middle East in the areas of art and architecture, literature and philosophy, and science and technology.

Justinian I was the most famous Byzantine emperor. He ruled from 527 to 565 AD and is known for his ambitious building projects, including the Hagia Sophia.

Jerusalem was the most important Byzantine city in the Middle East. It was a major center of Christianity and pilgrimage.

The decline of the Byzantine Empire was caused by a combination of factors, including the rise of Islam, the Crusades, and the Mongol invasions.

The Byzantine Empire finally fell in 1453 AD when the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople.

The legacy of the Byzantine Empire includes its art and architecture, its literature and philosophy, and its science and technology.

The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Islamic art and architecture through trade and cultural exchange, military conquest, and religious conversion.

The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Western European art and architecture through trade and cultural exchange, military conquest, and religious conversion.

The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Slavic art and architecture through trade and cultural exchange, military conquest, and religious conversion.

The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Byzantine music through trade and cultural exchange, military conquest, and religious conversion.

The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Byzantine literature through trade and cultural exchange, military conquest, and religious conversion.

The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Byzantine philosophy through trade and cultural exchange, military conquest, and religious conversion.