Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and cause the Earth's temperature to rise.

Carbon dioxide is the most significant greenhouse gas because it is released in large quantities by human activities and has a long atmospheric lifetime.

Climate change causes the Arctic ice to melt, leads to more snowfall in the Arctic, and increases the temperature of the Arctic Ocean.

As Arctic ice melts, the water that was previously stored in the ice is released into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise.

Climate change leads to the loss of habitat for Arctic animals, makes it more difficult for Arctic animals to find food, and disrupts the migration patterns of Arctic animals.

The term 'Arctic melt' is used to describe the process by which Arctic sea ice melts during the summer months.

Russia has the longest Arctic coastline, stretching over 20,000 kilometers.

The Paris Agreement is the international agreement that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change.

The term 'Arctic freeze' is used to describe the process by which Arctic sea ice forms during the winter months.

Canada is home to the largest population of polar bears, with an estimated 15,000-20,000 individuals.

The term 'Arctic breakup' is used to describe the process by which Arctic sea ice breaks up and disperses.

Russia has the largest area of permafrost, covering approximately 65% of its territory.

The term 'Arctic refreeze' is used to describe the process by which Arctic sea ice reforms after the summer melt.

Russia is home to the largest population of walruses, with an estimated 200,000-250,000 individuals.

The term 'Arctic seasonality' is used to describe the process by which Arctic sea ice melts and reforms on a seasonal basis.