The Ars Antiqua was the musical style that preceded the Ars Nova. It was characterized by its use of simple rhythms and melodies, as well as its focus on vocal music.

Syncopation is a rhythmic technique that involves placing accents on unexpected beats. It was one of the most important innovations of the Ars Nova.

The motet was a new musical form that was developed during the Ars Nova. It was a polyphonic composition that combined two or more melodies, often with a Latin text.

Philippe de Vitry is considered to be the founder of the Ars Nova. He was a French composer, theorist, and poet who wrote a number of important treatises on music.

Guillaume de Machaut is considered to be the greatest master of the Ars Nova. He was a French composer, poet, and musician who wrote a number of important works, including the Messe de Nostre Dame, the first complete polyphonic setting of the Ordinary of the Mass.

The Ars Subtilior was the musical style that followed the Ars Nova. It was characterized by its use of complex rhythms and melodies, as well as its focus on instrumental music.

Hocket is a rhythmic technique that involves the rapid alternation of two or more voices. It was one of the most important innovations of the Ars Subtilior.

The madrigal was a new musical form that was developed during the Ars Subtilior. It was a polyphonic composition that was typically sung by a group of four or more voices.

Johannes Ciconia is considered to be the founder of the Ars Subtilior. He was a Flemish composer who wrote a number of important works, including the motet Sus un' alta rivera.

Francesco Landini is considered to be the greatest master of the Ars Subtilior. He was an Italian composer, organist, and poet who wrote a number of important works, including the motet Questa fanciulla.

The Ars Perfecta was the musical style that followed the Ars Subtilior. It was characterized by its use of simple rhythms and melodies, as well as its focus on vocal music.

Isorhythm is a rhythmic technique that involves the repetition of a rhythmic pattern over a changing melody. It was one of the most important innovations of the Ars Perfecta.

The chanson was a new musical form that was developed during the Ars Perfecta. It was a polyphonic composition that was typically sung by a group of four or more voices.

Guillaume Dufay is considered to be the founder of the Ars Perfecta. He was a French composer who wrote a number of important works, including the motet Nuper rosarum flores.

Josquin des Prez is considered to be the greatest master of the Ars Perfecta. He was a Franco-Flemish composer who wrote a number of important works, including the motet Ave Maria...virgo serena.