Genetic modification, genetic engineering, and recombinant DNA technology are all terms used to describe the process of altering the genetic makeup of an organism.

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, known as restriction sites.

Transformation, transduction, and conjugation are all processes by which foreign DNA can be introduced into the DNA of an organism.

Escherichia coli is a commonly used host for gene cloning due to its rapid growth rate, ease of genetic manipulation, and well-studied genetic system.

Transgenic organism, genetically modified organism (GMO), and recombinant organism are all terms used to describe an organism that has had its genetic material altered.

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

DNA amplification is the process of making multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence.

DNA sequencing is a technique used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

Gene expression is the process by which a gene is expressed to produce a protein.

Southern blotting is a technique used to detect the presence of a specific DNA sequence in a sample.

Gene transfer, genetic engineering, and recombinant DNA technology are all terms used to describe the process of transferring genetic material from one organism to another.

Drosophila melanogaster is a commonly used model organism in genetic engineering due to its short generation time, ease of genetic manipulation, and well-studied genetic system.

Genome editing is the process of modifying an organism's genome using gene editing techniques.

CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, and Zinc Finger Nucleases are all gene editing techniques that can be used to make precise changes to the DNA sequence.

Transgenesis, genetic engineering, and recombinant DNA technology are all terms used to describe the process of introducing a gene into an organism that is not normally found in that organism.