The Department of Education is the primary federal agency responsible for distributing funds to state and local educational agencies through various programs, including Title I grants and IDEA grants.

The ESEA aims to provide federal funding to state and local educational agencies to support equal access to quality education for all students, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

The No Child Left Behind Act introduced performance-based funding for schools, requiring states to develop standardized tests and hold schools accountable for student achievement.

The Race to the Top initiative aimed to promote the adoption of rigorous academic standards, improve teacher effectiveness, and enhance data systems to track student progress.

The Every Student Succeeds Act replaced the No Child Left Behind Act and provided states with more flexibility in designing their education systems, while still maintaining a focus on accountability.

The Common Core State Standards aim to establish a national curriculum for K-12 education, providing a consistent set of learning goals and expectations across states.

The Race to the Top initiative introduced value-added measures (VAM) as a way to evaluate teacher effectiveness, using student achievement data to assess teachers' impact on student learning.

The School Choice movement aims to provide parents with more options for their children's education, including charter schools, magnet schools, and vouchers for private school tuition.

School Choice vouchers are government-funded vouchers that allow students from low-income families to attend private schools.

Title I grants provide funding for students from low-income families to support their education, including supplemental instruction, tutoring, and other services.

The Head Start program aims to improve the quality of early childhood education programs by providing comprehensive services to children from low-income families, including education, health, and nutrition services.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) provides funding for students with disabilities to ensure they receive a free and appropriate public education.

The Charter School Act introduced charter schools as an alternative to traditional public schools, allowing for more flexibility and autonomy in school operations.

Magnet schools aim to attract students from diverse backgrounds to a single school, promoting integration and providing specialized programs and curricula.

The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) provides funding for research and development in education, supporting studies that inform educational policy and practice.