Gerardus Mercator was a Flemish cartographer who is credited with creating the first modern world map in 1569.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who sailed to the Americas in 1492, believing he had reached Asia.

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the world, from 1519 to 1522.

Abraham Ortelius was a Flemish cartographer who created the first modern atlas, titled Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, in 1570.

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory of the solar system, in which the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer who supported the heliocentric theory of the solar system and was persecuted by the Catholic Church for his beliefs.

Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer who formulated the laws of planetary motion, known as Kepler's laws.

Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer who observed the positions of stars and planets with great accuracy, using large instruments that he built himself.

Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered the sea route to India around the Cape of Good Hope in 1498.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who discovered the Americas in 1492, believing he had reached Asia.

Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered the sea route to the East Indies in 1498.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who discovered the sea route to the Americas in 1492, believing he had reached Asia.

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who discovered the sea route to the Pacific Ocean in 1520.

Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered the sea route to the Indian Ocean in 1498.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who discovered the sea route to the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, believing he had reached Asia.