Athens was known for its democratic government, where citizens had the right to participate in decision-making through the Assembly and the Council of Five Hundred.

The Council of Five Hundred was the main governing body of Athens, responsible for preparing laws and overseeing the administration of the city-state.

Solon was an Athenian statesman and lawgiver who introduced reforms that strengthened democracy, including the creation of the Council of Four Hundred and the expansion of citizen participation in government.

The Assembly was the lawmaking body of Athens, where all male citizens over the age of 18 could participate in debates and vote on laws.

The Areopagus was the Athenian court that handled cases of murder and religious offenses. It was composed of former archons, who were elected officials who had served in the government.

The Ostracism was the Athenian practice of exiling a citizen for ten years. It was used to remove individuals who were seen as a threat to the democracy.

Sparta was known for its militaristic society and rigid social hierarchy, where citizens were divided into three classes: the Spartiates (full citizens), the Perioeci (non-citizens who lived in the surrounding areas), and the Helots (slaves).

The Gerousia was the Spartan governing body composed of two kings and a council of elders. It was responsible for making laws and overseeing the administration of the city-state.

Lycurgus was a Spartan leader who is credited with introducing reforms that strengthened the military, including the creation of the agoge, a rigorous training program for Spartan boys.

The Hoplites were the Spartan military unit composed of young men who had completed their agoge training. They were heavily armed infantrymen who fought in close formation.

The Krypteia was the Spartan secret police, responsible for maintaining order and suppressing dissent within the city-state.

Corinth was known for its strategic location on the Isthmus of Corinth, which connected the Peloponnese to mainland Greece. It was a major commercial center and a wealthy city-state.

Periander was the Corinthian tyrant who ruled the city-state in the 6th century BC. He was known for his ambitious building projects and his patronage of the arts.

Delphi was known for its religious significance and the oracle of Delphi, which was consulted by people from all over the Greek world for advice and guidance.

The Pythia was the priestess of Apollo who delivered oracles at Delphi. She was said to be possessed by the god and her utterances were interpreted by priests.