Marxism posits class struggle as the driving force of historical change, arguing that the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat shapes economic, political, and social structures.

Marx argued that the inherent contradiction of capitalism is the exploitation of the working class by the capitalist class, leading to the accumulation of surplus value and the impoverishment of the masses.

Surplus value is the unpaid labor of the working class, which is appropriated by capitalists as profit.

Marx believed that the contradictions of capitalism would intensify, leading to a revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system and the establishment of a socialist society.

Historical materialism posits that the economic base of society, particularly the mode of production, determines its social, political, and cultural superstructure.

Dialectical materialism views the world as a constantly changing and evolving system, where contradictions and conflicts drive progress and transformation.

The dictatorship of the proletariat is seen as a necessary step to suppress the resistance of the bourgeoisie and build the foundations of a socialist society.

Marx believed that the contradictions of capitalism would intensify, leading to a revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system and the establishment of a socialist society.

Alienation is a key concept in Marx's analysis of capitalism, describing the way in which workers are separated from the fruits of their labor and from the process of production itself.

Communism, as envisioned by Marx, is a society where class distinctions and the state have withered away, and where there is common ownership of the means of production.

Marx's ideas have had a profound impact on various fields of study and social movements, shaping political thought and discourse across the globe.

Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy that focuses on maximizing overall happiness, while Marxism is a political and economic theory that analyzes class struggle and the dynamics of capitalism.

Marx's works have been translated into over 100 languages, making them accessible to readers across the globe.

John Stuart Mill was a prominent liberal philosopher and economist, not a Marxist thinker.

False consciousness refers to the ways in which the working class may hold beliefs that are not in their own best interests, often due to the influence of ruling-class ideology.