Deontic logic is primarily concerned with the analysis of normative statements, which express obligations, permissions, and prohibitions.

Deontic operators are modal operators that express normative concepts. Obligation is a deontic operator that indicates that something is required or necessary.

An obligation is a stronger normative statement than a permission because it indicates that something is required or necessary, while a permission indicates that something is allowed or permitted.

This is a valid deontic inference because if something is obligatory, then it is also allowed or permitted.

Deontic logic and moral philosophy are closely related because they both deal with normative reasoning and the study of obligations, permissions, and prohibitions. However, they are distinct fields of study because deontic logic is a formal logical system, while moral philosophy is a philosophical discipline that investigates the nature of morality and moral values.

The paradox of obligation is a deontic paradox that arises when an agent is faced with two or more conflicting obligations. For example, an agent may be obligated to keep a promise but also obligated to tell the truth, and these obligations may conflict in certain situations.

The principle of double effect is a principle in deontic logic that states that an action is morally permissible if it has a good effect, even if it also has a bad effect, provided that certain conditions are met.

A common criticism of deontic logic is that it is too abstract and脱离实际, and that it fails to adequately address the complexities of real-world moral decision-making.

Deontic logic has applications in a variety of fields, including legal reasoning, ethical decision-making, policy analysis, and artificial intelligence.

Georg Henrik von Wright is a prominent deontic logician who made significant contributions to the field.

Deontic logic and game theory are closely related because they both deal with strategic decision-making and the analysis of rational behavior. However, they are distinct fields of study because deontic logic is a formal logical system, while game theory is a mathematical model of strategic interaction.

The trolley problem is an example of a deontic dilemma, which is a situation in which an agent is faced with two or more conflicting obligations or moral values.

Deontic logic and epistemic logic are closely related because they both deal with modal operators and the analysis of normative concepts. However, they are distinct fields of study because deontic logic deals with obligations, permissions, and prohibitions, while epistemic logic deals with knowledge, belief, and justification.

This is an example of a deontic argument because it makes a claim about what is obligatory, which is a normative concept.

The study of deontic logic faces a number of challenges, including the complexity of normative reasoning, the lack of a unified theory of deontic logic, and the difficulty of applying deontic logic to real-world problems.