Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, marking the beginning of World War II.

Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party and the Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945.

The Battle of Stalingrad, which lasted from 1942 to 1943, is widely regarded as the turning point of World War II in Europe, as it marked the beginning of the German retreat.

Franklin D. Roosevelt was the President of the United States from 1933 to 1945, leading the country through World War II.

The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, is often seen as the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement.

Martin Luther King Jr. led the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956, which successfully challenged the segregation of public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment, public accommodations, and government programs.

Thurgood Marshall was the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, appointed in 1967.

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech, is seen as a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement.

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 made it illegal to discriminate in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin.

President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law on July 2, 1964.

Malcolm X was a prominent leader of the Nation of Islam, an African American nationalist and religious organization.

The Selma to Montgomery Marches in 1965, led by Martin Luther King Jr., were a major turning point in the Civil Rights Movement and helped lead to the passage of the Voting Rights Act.

The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the previous "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.