Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Description: Test your knowledge on Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, a fundamental principle in population genetics that describes the conditions under which allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in a population.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: population genetics hardy-weinberg principle allele frequencies genotype frequencies genetic equilibrium
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In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the heterozygous genotype is:

  1. p^2

  2. 2pq

  3. q^2

  4. p + q


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Hardy-Weinberg equation states that the frequency of the heterozygous genotype is 2pq, where p and q are the frequencies of the two alleles.

Which of the following conditions is NOT required for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

  1. No mutation

  2. Random mating

  3. No gene flow

  4. No natural selection


Correct Option:
Explanation:

Natural selection can alter allele and genotype frequencies, causing deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

If the frequency of the dominant allele (A) in a population is 0.7, what is the frequency of the recessive allele (a)?

  1. 0.3

  2. 0.49

  3. 0.21

  4. 0.5


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The frequency of the recessive allele can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: q^2 = 1 - p^2, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele.

In a population of 1000 individuals, 360 are homozygous dominant (AA), 480 are heterozygous (Aa), and 160 are homozygous recessive (aa). Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

  1. Yes

  2. No

  3. Cannot be determined


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

To determine if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can use the chi-square test. In this case, the chi-square value is 10.24, which is significant (p < 0.05). Therefore, the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Which of the following factors can cause deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

  1. Mutation

  2. Gene flow

  3. Non-random mating

  4. Natural selection

  5. All of the above


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Mutation, gene flow, non-random mating, and natural selection can all cause deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a useful concept in population genetics because it:

  1. Provides a baseline for comparing real populations

  2. Helps identify populations that are evolving

  3. Allows us to predict future allele and genotype frequencies

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a useful concept in population genetics because it provides a baseline for comparing real populations, helps identify populations that are evolving, and allows us to predict future allele and genotype frequencies.

In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype is:

  1. p^2

  2. 2pq

  3. q^2

  4. p + q


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Hardy-Weinberg equation states that the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype is p^2, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele.

If the frequency of the recessive allele (a) in a population is 0.2, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa)?

  1. 0.36

  2. 0.48

  3. 0.16

  4. 0.24


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The frequency of the heterozygous genotype can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: 2pq = 2 * p * q, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.

In a population of 500 individuals, 100 are homozygous dominant (AA), 200 are heterozygous (Aa), and 200 are homozygous recessive (aa). Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

  1. Yes

  2. No

  3. Cannot be determined


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To determine if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can use the chi-square test. In this case, the chi-square value is 0.64, which is not significant (p > 0.05). Therefore, the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

  1. No mutation

  2. Random mating

  3. No gene flow

  4. Large population size


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not assume a large population size. However, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are more likely to occur in small populations due to random genetic drift.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a dynamic equilibrium, meaning that:

  1. Allele and genotype frequencies can change over time

  2. Allele and genotype frequencies remain constant over time

  3. Allele and genotype frequencies oscillate around a mean value

  4. Allele and genotype frequencies are randomly distributed


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a dynamic equilibrium, meaning that allele and genotype frequencies can change over time in response to evolutionary forces such as mutation, gene flow, non-random mating, and natural selection.

In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is:

  1. p^2

  2. 2pq

  3. q^2

  4. p + q


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Hardy-Weinberg equation states that the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is q^2, where q is the frequency of the recessive allele.

If the frequency of the dominant allele (A) in a population is 0.6, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa)?

  1. 0.24

  2. 0.36

  3. 0.48

  4. 0.72


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The frequency of the heterozygous genotype can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: 2pq = 2 * p * q, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.

In a population of 1000 individuals, 400 are homozygous dominant (AA), 400 are heterozygous (Aa), and 200 are homozygous recessive (aa). Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

  1. Yes

  2. No

  3. Cannot be determined


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To determine if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can use the chi-square test. In this case, the chi-square value is 0, which is not significant (p > 0.05). Therefore, the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Which of the following is an example of a population that is likely to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

  1. A small, isolated population with no gene flow

  2. A large, randomly mating population with no mutation or natural selection

  3. A population that is undergoing rapid evolution

  4. A population that is experiencing a bottleneck event


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A large, randomly mating population with no mutation or natural selection is most likely to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because these conditions minimize the factors that can cause deviations from equilibrium.

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