Particulate matter, especially fine particles (PM2.5), can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause inflammation and damage to the airways.

Air pollution can contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke.

Nitrogen oxides react with sunlight to form ozone, a major component of smog.

Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.

Benzene is a known carcinogen and is found in gasoline and other petroleum products.

Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of renal disease, including chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, and nephrotic syndrome.

Sulfur dioxide reacts with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid, which is a major component of acid rain.

Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of hepatic disease, including cirrhosis, hepatitis, and liver cancer.

Particulate matter, especially fine particles (PM2.5), has been linked to an increased risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other causes.

Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of dermatological diseases, including eczema, psoriasis, and skin cancer.

Particulate matter, especially fine particles (PM2.5), scatters and absorbs light, which can reduce visibility and create haze.

Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of ocular diseases, including conjunctivitis, cataracts, and glaucoma.

Lead is a known neurotoxin and can cross the placenta and reach the developing fetus, where it can cause birth defects and other health problems.

Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of reproductive diseases, including infertility, miscarriage, and birth defects.

Ozone has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes, possibly through its effects on insulin resistance and inflammation.