Supporting services are essential for the provision and maintenance of habitats because they create and maintain the physical structure of an ecosystem. This includes the provision of soil, water, and air, as well as the regulation of temperature and humidity.

Predation is a regulating service, not a supporting service. Supporting services are those that create and maintain the physical structure of an ecosystem, while regulating services are those that regulate the flow of energy and matter through an ecosystem.

Soil formation contributes to habitat provision and maintenance by providing a substrate for plants to grow in, storing water and nutrients for plants, and helping to regulate the temperature and humidity of an ecosystem.

Nutrient cycling contributes to habitat provision and maintenance by making nutrients available to plants, helping to decompose organic matter, and helping to regulate the pH of an ecosystem.

Water regulation contributes to habitat provision and maintenance by providing water for plants and animals, helping to regulate the temperature and humidity of an ecosystem, and helping to prevent flooding and erosion.

Climate regulation contributes to habitat provision and maintenance by helping to regulate the temperature and humidity of an ecosystem, helping to protect organisms from extreme weather events, and helping to maintain the diversity of plant and animal species.

Pollination contributes to habitat provision and maintenance by helping to reproduce plants, helping to disperse seeds, and helping to increase the genetic diversity of plants.

Seed dispersal contributes to habitat provision and maintenance by helping to colonize new areas, helping to maintain the genetic diversity of plants, and helping to increase the resilience of plant populations.

Decomposition contributes to habitat provision and maintenance by helping to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem, helping to create new soil, and helping to control the population of pests and diseases.

Bioremediation contributes to habitat provision and maintenance by helping to clean up pollution, helping to restore degraded ecosystems, and helping to protect human health.

Habitat fragmentation can affect the provision and maintenance of supporting services in a number of ways. It can lead to the loss of supporting services, make supporting services less effective, and increase the cost of providing supporting services.

We can protect and restore supporting services by protecting and restoring habitats, reducing pollution, and promoting sustainable land use practices.

Supporting services are essential for human well-being, the survival of other species, and the functioning of ecosystems.

Forests provide a number of supporting services, including soil formation, nutrient cycling, and water regulation.

Wetlands provide a number of supporting services, including water storage, flood control, and water purification.