Linguistics

Philology

Grammar

Rhetoric

Descriptive and historical linguistics

Theoretical and applied linguistics

Synchronic and diachronic linguistics

Structural and functional linguistics

A language is a standardized form of a dialect.

A dialect is a regional variety of a language.

A language has a written form, while a dialect does not.

A language is spoken by a larger number of people than a dialect.

Mandarin Chinese

Spanish

English

Hindi

A word is a single unit of meaning, while a morpheme is a smaller unit of meaning.

A word can consist of multiple morphemes, while a morpheme cannot.

A word is always a free morpheme, while a morpheme can be either free or bound.

A word is always pronounced as a single unit, while a morpheme can be pronounced as multiple units.

Declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory

Simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex

Subject-verb, subject-verb-object, subject-verb-complement, and subject-verb-indirect object

Active, passive, transitive, and intransitive

A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea, while a verb is an action, occurrence, or state of being.

A noun can be used as a subject or object of a verb, while a verb can only be used as a verb.

A noun is always singular, while a verb can be either singular or plural.

A noun is always concrete, while a verb can be either concrete or abstract.

An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun, while an adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

An adjective can be used to compare two things, while an adverb cannot.

An adjective can be used to describe a noun or pronoun, while an adverb cannot.

An adjective is always placed before the noun or pronoun it modifies, while an adverb can be placed before, after, or between the words it modifies.

A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence, while a conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.

A preposition is always followed by a noun or pronoun, while a conjunction can be followed by a noun, pronoun, verb, or adjective.

A preposition can be used to introduce a phrase, while a conjunction cannot.

A preposition is always a single word, while a conjunction can be a single word or a phrase.

A direct object receives the action of the verb, while an indirect object is affected by the action of the verb.

A direct object is always a noun or pronoun, while an indirect object can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective.

A direct object is always placed after the verb, while an indirect object is always placed before the verb.

A direct object is always singular, while an indirect object can be either singular or plural.

A subject is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something, while a predicate is the part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing or being.

A subject is always a noun or pronoun, while a predicate can be a verb, adjective, or noun phrase.

A subject is always placed at the beginning of the sentence, while a predicate is always placed at the end of the sentence.

A subject is always singular, while a predicate can be either singular or plural.

A simple sentence has one independent clause, while a compound sentence has two or more independent clauses.

A simple sentence can only have one subject and one verb, while a compound sentence can have multiple subjects and verbs.

A simple sentence is always shorter than a compound sentence.

A simple sentence is always less complex than a compound sentence.

A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, while a compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

A complex sentence can only have one subject and one verb, while a compound-complex sentence can have multiple subjects and verbs.

A complex sentence is always shorter than a compound-complex sentence.

A complex sentence is always less complex than a compound-complex sentence.

A declarative sentence makes a statement, while an interrogative sentence asks a question.

A declarative sentence always has a subject and a verb, while an interrogative sentence can have a subject and a verb or just a verb.

A declarative sentence is always punctuated with a period, while an interrogative sentence is always punctuated with a question mark.

A declarative sentence is always spoken with a rising intonation, while an interrogative sentence is always spoken with a falling intonation.

An imperative sentence gives a command or request, while an exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion.

An imperative sentence always has a subject and a verb, while an exclamatory sentence can have a subject and a verb or just a verb.

An imperative sentence is always punctuated with a period, while an exclamatory sentence is always punctuated with an exclamation point.

An imperative sentence is always spoken with a rising intonation, while an exclamatory sentence is always spoken with a falling intonation.