A compressor is an audio effect that reduces the dynamic range of a signal, making the loud parts quieter and the quiet parts louder. This can be used to create a more consistent sound level, or to make a signal more intelligible.

Reverb creates a sense of space by simulating the natural reverberation of a room, while delay creates a sense of time by repeating a signal after a set amount of time.

An equalizer is an audio effect that allows you to adjust the frequency response of a signal, boosting or cutting certain frequencies. This can be used to correct for imbalances in the frequency response, or to create specific tonal effects.

A parametric equalizer allows you to adjust the frequency, bandwidth, and gain of each band, giving you more precise control over the frequency response of the signal. A graphic equalizer only allows you to adjust the gain of each band, making it easier to use but less precise.

A limiter is an audio effect that prevents a signal from exceeding a certain level, protecting your speakers from damage and preventing distortion.

A gate closes a signal below a certain level, effectively muting it. This can be used to remove unwanted noise from a signal. An expander opens a signal below a certain level, making it louder. This can be used to bring out detail in a signal that would otherwise be masked by louder sounds.

A de-esser is an audio effect that removes sibilance, or harsh high-frequency sounds, from a signal. This can be used to make a vocal recording sound more natural and less fatiguing to listen to.

Chorus creates a sense of space by duplicating the signal and slightly detuning it, creating a lush, shimmering sound. Flanger creates a sense of movement by duplicating the signal and delaying it by a short amount of time, creating a swirling, psychedelic sound.

A distortion effect adds grit and saturation to a signal, creating a warm, overdriven sound. This can be used to create a variety of effects, from subtle warmth to heavy distortion.

A wah-wah pedal is a foot pedal that controls the frequency of a bandpass filter, allowing you to create a variety of vocal effects. A talk box is a device that allows you to speak through a tube, modulating the sound of your voice. This can be used to create a variety of vocal effects, from robotic voices to animal sounds.

A vocoder is an audio effect that creates a robotic or electronic sound by analyzing the frequency spectrum of a signal and synthesizing a new signal based on that analysis. This can be used to create a variety of vocal effects, from robotic voices to electronic music.

A sample is a short piece of audio, typically a few seconds long, that can be played back repeatedly. Loops are longer pieces of audio, typically several seconds or minutes long, that can be played back continuously. Loops are often used in electronic music to create rhythmic patterns.

A sequencer is an audio effect that allows you to create a sequence of notes or events, which can then be played back. This can be used to create a variety of musical patterns, from simple melodies to complex rhythms.

A synthesizer creates sounds from scratch by generating waveforms and modulating them. A sampler plays back recorded sounds, allowing you to manipulate them in a variety of ways.

A drum machine is an audio effect that allows you to create a variety of drum sounds, from simple kicks and snares to complex drum patterns. This can be used to create a variety of musical styles, from hip hop to rock.