Climate regulation is a regulating service provided by ecosystems, not a supporting service.

Decomposition is the process by which organic matter is broken down by microorganisms into simpler compounds that can be used by plants.

Pedogenesis is the process of soil formation, which involves the physical and chemical weathering of rock, the accumulation of organic matter, and the activity of soil organisms.

Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred from the male part of a flower to the female part, enabling fertilization to occur.

Food production is a provisioning service provided by ecosystems, not a supporting service.

The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, is the process by which water evaporates from the Earth's surface, condenses in the atmosphere, and falls back to the Earth as rain or snow.

Gas regulation is the process by which gases in the atmosphere are regulated and maintained in balance, ensuring a habitable environment for life on Earth.

Habitat provision is the process by which ecosystems provide shelter and resources for plants and animals, enabling them to survive and reproduce.

Recreation is a cultural service provided by ecosystems, not a supporting service.

Water purification is the process by which water is filtered and purified by ecosystems, removing impurities and contaminants.

Erosion control is the process by which soil is protected from erosion by wind and water, preventing soil loss and degradation.

Waste disposal is a cultural service provided by ecosystems, not a supporting service.

Decomposition is the process by which ecosystems break down and recycle waste products, converting them into simpler compounds that can be used by other organisms.

Education is a cultural service provided by ecosystems, not a supporting service.

Education is the process by which ecosystems provide opportunities for learning and personal growth, fostering a deeper understanding of the natural world.