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Nucleic Acids: The Keepers of Genetic Information - Exploring DNA and RNA

Description: Nucleic Acids: The Keepers of Genetic Information - Exploring DNA and RNA
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: nucleic acids dna rna genetics
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What is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

  1. Energy storage

  2. Genetic information storage and transmission

  3. Protein synthesis

  4. Cellular respiration

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Nucleic acids, specifically DNA and RNA, are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information necessary for the development, functioning, and reproduction of organisms.

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

  1. DNA and RNA

  2. Proteins and carbohydrates

  3. Lipids and carbohydrates

  4. Proteins and nucleic acids

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The two primary types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

What is the basic structural unit of DNA?

  1. Nucleotide

  2. Amino acid

  3. Monosaccharide

  4. Fatty acid

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The basic structural unit of DNA is the nucleotide, which consists of a nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

  1. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine

  2. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

  3. Thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

  4. Adenine, thymine, guanine, and uracil

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).

What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?

  1. A pairs with C, and G pairs with T

  2. A pairs with T, and G pairs with C

  3. A pairs with G, and C pairs with T

  4. A pairs with U, and G pairs with C

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C).

What is the structure of DNA?

  1. Double helix

  2. Single helix

  3. Triple helix

  4. Quadruple helix

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

DNA typically exists as a double helix, where two strands of nucleotides are twisted around each other to form a spiral structure.

What is the function of RNA in cells?

  1. Protein synthesis

  2. Genetic information storage

  3. Energy storage

  4. Cellular respiration

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled.

What are the three main types of RNA?

  1. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

  2. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and microRNA (miRNA)

  3. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA)

  4. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

  1. Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes

  2. Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

  3. Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

  4. Proofreads the newly synthesized protein

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

  1. Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes

  2. Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

  3. Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

  4. Proofreads the newly synthesized protein

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry specific amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis, based on the genetic code carried by mRNA.

What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis?

  1. Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes

  2. Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

  3. Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

  4. Forms the structure of the ribosome

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the structural framework of the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.

What is the genetic code?

  1. A set of rules that determines how genetic information is translated into proteins

  2. A sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA

  3. A type of genetic mutation

  4. A method for sequencing DNA

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The genetic code is a set of rules that determines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

How many codons are there in the genetic code?

  1. 64

  2. 16

  3. 32

  4. 128

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are 64 codons in the genetic code, each consisting of a sequence of three nucleotides.

What is a mutation in DNA or RNA?

  1. A permanent change in the nucleotide sequence

  2. A temporary change in the nucleotide sequence

  3. A change in the structure of the DNA or RNA molecule

  4. A change in the function of the DNA or RNA molecule

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A mutation is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA.

What are the three main types of mutations?

  1. Substitution, insertion, and deletion

  2. Duplication, inversion, and translocation

  3. Nonsense, missense, and silent

  4. Frameshift, point, and chromosomal

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of mutations are substitution (one nucleotide is replaced by another), insertion (one or more nucleotides are added), and deletion (one or more nucleotides are removed).

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