Ranked choice voting, also known as preferential voting, allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference. The candidate with the highest number of first-preference votes wins, but if no candidate receives a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated, and their votes are redistributed to their next-preferred candidates.

In a proportional representation electoral system, seats in the legislature are allocated to political parties based on the proportion of votes they receive. This ensures that parties are represented in the legislature in proportion to their support among the electorate.

The primary advantage of a first-past-the-post electoral system is that it is simple to understand and implement. Voters only need to cast a single vote for their preferred candidate, and the candidate with the most votes wins. This simplicity makes it easy for voters to participate in the electoral process.

Gerrymandering is a practice in which electoral boundaries are drawn in a way that gives one political party an unfair advantage. While gerrymandering can have a significant impact on election outcomes, it is not considered a form of electoral fraud because it is a legal practice.

Voter identification laws are designed to ensure that only eligible voters can vote. These laws typically require voters to present a government-issued photo ID in order to cast a ballot. The purpose of these laws is to prevent voter fraud, such as impersonation and multiple voting.

Proportional representation electoral systems are most likely to produce coalition governments because they allow for multiple parties to win seats in the legislature. This can lead to situations where no single party has a majority of seats, and parties must form coalitions in order to govern.

The main disadvantage of a single transferable vote electoral system is that it is complex to understand and implement. Voters must rank candidates in order of preference, and the counting process can be complicated. This complexity can make it difficult for voters to participate in the electoral process and can lead to errors in the counting of votes.

Exit polls are surveys conducted among voters as they leave polling stations. While exit polls can provide valuable information about voter behavior, they are not a measure taken to prevent electoral fraud. Voter identification laws, independent election commissions, and campaign finance regulations are all measures designed to prevent electoral fraud.

The primary advantage of a ranked choice voting electoral system is that it ensures that the winning candidate has a majority of the votes. This is because voters can rank candidates in order of preference, and if no candidate receives a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated, and their votes are redistributed to their next-preferred candidates.

First-past-the-post electoral systems are most likely to produce a two-party system because they encourage voters to vote for the candidate who is most likely to win. This can lead to a situation where two parties dominate the political landscape and make it difficult for third parties to gain traction.

The main disadvantage of a first-past-the-post electoral system is that it can lead to minority governments. This is because a party can win a majority of seats in the legislature even if it does not receive a majority of the votes. This can lead to situations where the government does not have the support of the majority of the electorate.

Gerrymandering is a practice in which electoral boundaries are drawn in a way that gives one political party an unfair advantage. While gerrymandering can have a significant impact on election outcomes, it is not considered a form of electoral fraud because it is a legal practice.

Campaign finance regulations are designed to limit the influence of money in politics. These regulations typically limit the amount of money that individuals and organizations can contribute to political campaigns. The purpose of these regulations is to ensure that elections are fair and competitive and that the outcome of elections is not determined by the amount of money that candidates raise.

Proportional representation electoral systems are most likely to produce a multi-party system because they allow for multiple parties to win seats in the legislature. This is because these systems allocate seats to parties based on the proportion of votes they receive. This can lead to situations where no single party has a majority of seats, and multiple parties must form coalitions in order to govern.

The primary advantage of a single transferable vote electoral system is that it ensures that the winning candidate has a majority of the votes. This is because voters can rank candidates in order of preference, and if no candidate receives a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated, and their votes are redistributed to their next-preferred candidates.