To punish offenders

To rehabilitate offenders

To deter crime

To protect society

United States

China

Russia

Brazil

Prisons are for long-term sentences, while jails are for short-term sentences.

Prisons are for adults, while jails are for juveniles.

Prisons are run by the federal government, while jails are run by state or local governments.

Prisons are more secure than jails.

Prisons

Jails

Halfway houses

Probation

To provide housing for offenders who are transitioning from prison to the community.

To provide treatment for offenders with substance abuse or mental health problems.

To provide job training and education for offenders.

All of the above.

Parole is granted after an offender has served a portion of their sentence, while probation is granted before an offender is sentenced.

Parole is supervised by a parole officer, while probation is supervised by a probation officer.

Parole can be revoked if an offender violates the conditions of their release, while probation cannot be revoked.

All of the above.

To bring offenders and victims together to resolve their conflict.

To hold offenders accountable for their crimes.

To provide restitution to victims.

All of the above.

In a civil law system, judges are appointed by the government, while in a common law system, judges are elected by the people.

In a civil law system, the law is codified in a single document, while in a common law system, the law is based on precedent.

In a civil law system, trials are conducted by a judge, while in a common law system, trials are conducted by a jury.

All of the above.

Misdemeanors are less serious crimes than felonies.

Misdemeanors are punishable by less than one year in prison, while felonies are punishable by more than one year in prison.

Misdemeanors are tried in state court, while felonies are tried in federal court.

All of the above.

To allow defendants to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a lighter sentence.

To speed up the trial process.

To save money.

All of the above.

Public defenders are appointed by the government to represent indigent defendants, while private attorneys are hired by defendants who can afford to pay for their services.

Public defenders are less experienced than private attorneys.

Public defenders are less likely to win their cases than private attorneys.

None of the above.

To determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant.

To ensure that the defendant receives a fair trial.

To protect the rights of the defendant.

All of the above.

A direct appeal challenges the conviction or sentence in the trial court, while a collateral attack challenges the conviction or sentence in a higher court.

A direct appeal is filed within a certain time limit, while a collateral attack can be filed at any time.

A direct appeal is more likely to be successful than a collateral attack.

All of the above.

To challenge the legality of a person's detention.

To release a person from unlawful detention.

To prevent a person from being unlawfully detained.

All of the above.

A pardon forgives a person's crime, while a commutation reduces the person's sentence.

A pardon can only be granted by the President of the United States, while a commutation can be granted by the President or a governor.

A pardon restores a person's civil rights, while a commutation does not.

All of the above.