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Propositional Logic: Logical Arguments and Categorical Propositions

Description: This quiz will test your knowledge of propositional logic, logical arguments, and categorical propositions.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: propositional logic logical arguments categorical propositions
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Which of the following is a propositional logic connective?

  1. And

  2. Or

  3. Not

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Propositional logic connectives are used to connect propositions and form new propositions.

What is the truth value of the proposition "(P ∧ Q) → R" when P is true, Q is false, and R is true?

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Indeterminate

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The truth value of a conditional proposition is false when the antecedent is true and the consequent is false.

Which of the following is a categorical proposition?

  1. All men are mortal

  2. Socrates is a man

  3. The sky is blue

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A categorical proposition is a proposition that makes a general statement about a class of things.

What is the subject term of the proposition "All dogs are mammals"?

  1. Dogs

  2. Mammals

  3. Animals

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The subject term of a categorical proposition is the term that refers to the class of things that the proposition is about.

What is the predicate term of the proposition "No cats are fish"?

  1. Cats

  2. Fish

  3. Animals

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The predicate term of a categorical proposition is the term that refers to the property that is being attributed to the subject term.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. All dogs are mammals. Cats are not dogs. Therefore, cats are not mammals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A valid logical argument is an argument in which the conclusion follows logically from the premises.

Which of the following is a sound logical argument?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. All dogs are mammals. Cats are not dogs. Therefore, cats are not mammals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A sound logical argument is an argument that is both valid and has true premises.

Which of the following is a fallacy?

  1. Affirming the consequent

  2. Denying the antecedent

  3. Appeal to ignorance

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A fallacy is an argument that is invalid or has false premises.

What is the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

  1. Assuming that the conclusion of an argument is true because the premises are true

  2. Assuming that the antecedent of an argument is false because the conclusion is false

  3. Assuming that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false

  4. Assuming that a proposition is false because it has not been proven true

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The fallacy of affirming the consequent is a type of logical fallacy in which it is assumed that the conclusion of an argument is true because the premises are true.

What is the fallacy of denying the antecedent?

  1. Assuming that the conclusion of an argument is true because the premises are true

  2. Assuming that the antecedent of an argument is false because the conclusion is false

  3. Assuming that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false

  4. Assuming that a proposition is false because it has not been proven true

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The fallacy of denying the antecedent is a type of logical fallacy in which it is assumed that the antecedent of an argument is false because the conclusion is false.

What is the fallacy of appeal to ignorance?

  1. Assuming that the conclusion of an argument is true because the premises are true

  2. Assuming that the antecedent of an argument is false because the conclusion is false

  3. Assuming that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false

  4. Assuming that a proposition is false because it has not been proven true

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The fallacy of appeal to ignorance is a type of logical fallacy in which it is assumed that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false.

What is the fallacy of assuming that a proposition is false because it has not been proven true?

  1. Affirming the consequent

  2. Denying the antecedent

  3. Appeal to ignorance

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The fallacy of assuming that a proposition is false because it has not been proven true is a type of logical fallacy in which it is assumed that a proposition is false because it has not been proven true.

Which of the following is a syllogism?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. All dogs are mammals. Cats are not dogs. Therefore, cats are not mammals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A syllogism is a type of logical argument that consists of two premises and a conclusion.

Which of the following is a categorical syllogism?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. All dogs are mammals. Cats are not dogs. Therefore, cats are not mammals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A categorical syllogism is a type of syllogism in which the premises and conclusion are all categorical propositions.

Which of the following is a hypothetical syllogism?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. All dogs are mammals. Cats are not dogs. Therefore, cats are not mammals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A hypothetical syllogism is a type of syllogism in which one of the premises is a hypothetical proposition.

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