Scholasticism sought to harmonize the teachings of the Christian Church with the philosophical ideas of ancient Greek thinkers, particularly Aristotle.

Aristotle's writings on logic, metaphysics, and natural philosophy were highly influential among Scholastic thinkers, who sought to integrate his ideas with Christian theology.

Scholastics primarily relied on rational deduction, using logic and reason to analyze and debate philosophical and theological questions.

Thomas Aquinas argued that faith and reason are not contradictory but complementary, and that they can be used together to understand the world and God.

Siger of Brabant proposed the idea of 'double truth', suggesting that a statement can be true in theology but false in philosophy, or vice versa.

Scholasticism's emphasis on rational inquiry and logical reasoning contributed to the development of a systematic approach to knowledge, which laid the foundation for modern scientific inquiry.

William of Ockham's 'razor' principle, also known as the 'principle of parsimony', is a methodological principle that favors the simplest explanation for a phenomenon.

Renaissance thinkers criticized Scholasticism for its emphasis on abstract reasoning and its neglect of empirical observation and experimentation, which they believed were essential for understanding the natural world.

Francisco Suárez is often regarded as the last great Scholastic thinker, known for his contributions to metaphysics, natural law, and political theory.

Scholastic thinkers, particularly Thomas Aquinas, developed natural theology as a rational approach to understanding the existence and attributes of God through reason and logic, without relying solely on faith or revelation.

The cosmological argument, also known as the 'argument from contingency', was a popular argument used by Scholastic philosophers to prove the existence of God. It argues that the existence of the universe and its contingent nature requires a necessary and uncaused cause, which is God.

Thomas Aquinas criticized Anselm of Canterbury's ontological argument for the existence of God, arguing that the existence of God cannot be proven solely through reason and logic, but must also be supported by faith and revelation.

Scholasticism's emphasis on rational inquiry and logical reasoning laid the groundwork for the development of rationalism, a philosophical approach that emphasizes the power of reason and deduction in acquiring knowledge.

John Duns Scotus developed the theory of 'univocity of being', which argues that being is a univocal concept that can be applied to God and creatures in the same sense, albeit with different degrees of perfection.

Scholastic political thought, particularly in the writings of Thomas Aquinas, provided a theoretical framework for the divine right of kings and the absolute power of monarchs, arguing that political authority is derived from God and that subjects have a duty to obey their rulers.