Jazz is a genre of music that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is characterized by improvisation, syncopation, and polyrhythms.

A symphony is a large-scale musical composition for orchestra. It typically consists of three or four movements, each of which is in a different key and tempo.

Grand Opera, Comic Opera, and Opera Buffa are all types of opera. Grand Opera is a serious opera that typically deals with historical or mythological subjects. Comic Opera is a lighter opera that typically deals with everyday subjects. Opera Buffa is a type of comic opera that originated in Italy in the 18th century.

A concerto is a musical composition for a solo instrument and orchestra. The solo instrument is typically a violin, piano, or cello.

Piano Sonata, Violin Sonata, and Cello Sonata are all types of sonatas. A sonata is a musical composition for one or more instruments, typically consisting of three or four movements.

A lied is a short, lyrical piece of music for solo voice and piano. It is typically composed in German and deals with a variety of subjects, including love, nature, and death.

Canzonet, Villanella, and Balletto are all types of madrigals. A madrigal is a type of secular vocal music that originated in Italy in the 16th century. It is typically composed for four or more voices and deals with a variety of subjects, including love, nature, and politics.

An oratorio is a large-scale choral work that typically tells a story. It is typically performed with soloists, chorus, and orchestra.

Sacred Cantata, Secular Cantata, and Chamber Cantata are all types of cantatas. A cantata is a type of vocal music that is typically composed for soloists, chorus, and orchestra. It is typically shorter than an oratorio and deals with a variety of subjects, including religious, secular, and mythological.

A motet is a short, polyphonic vocal composition that is typically sung a cappella. It is typically composed for four or more voices and deals with a variety of subjects, including religious, secular, and mythological.

Requiem Mass, Solemn Mass, and Low Mass are all types of masses. A mass is a type of liturgical music that is typically performed in a church setting. It is typically composed for choir, soloists, and orchestra.

A prelude is a short, instrumental piece that is typically played before a larger work. It is typically composed for solo instrument or ensemble and is designed to set the mood for the larger work.

A ritornello is a type of interlude that is typically played between the verses of a piece of music. It is typically composed for orchestra and is designed to provide contrast to the verses.

A recapitulation is a section of a piece of music that is typically played after the development section. It is typically composed for the same instruments as the exposition section and is designed to restate the main themes of the piece.

Stretto, Cadenza, and Fermata are all types of codas. A coda is a section of a piece of music that is typically played at the end of the piece. It is typically composed for the same instruments as the rest of the piece and is designed to provide a sense of closure.