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Sciencopedia

Description: biochemistry
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: biochemistry Diversity of Living World Biology
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Which of the following structures are found in prokaryotic cells? I. A cell wall with peptidoglycan. II. A plasma membrane without cholesterol. II. Ribosomes.

  1. I only

  2. II only

  3. III only

  4. I and II only

  5. I, II and III


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Prokaryotes have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane without cholesterol.

Bacteriophages are the obligate parasites of bacterial cells. They transfers bacterial DNA from one host to another. What is this phenomenon called?

  1. Transformation

  2. Transduction

  3. Conjugation

  4. Transcription

  5. Translation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Transduction is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus.

Which of the following statements is true of a lysogenic cell?

  1. A cell that harbors an inactive virus in its genome.

  2. A cell that has developed immunity from viral infection.

  3. A cell that undergoes self destruction.

  4. Any cell infected with a virus.

  5. A cell that is about to lyse as a result of viral infection.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In the lysogenic cycle of viral infection is a cell that harbors inactive viral DNA in its genome.

Which of the following feature provide easy recognition of a bacteriophage?

  1. A lysogenic life cycle

  2. A protein capsid

  3. Circular nucleic acids

  4. A tail and fibers

  5. A fatty capsule


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A bacteriophage has a tail and fibers.

Which of the following characters is related to saprophytic nature of fungi?

  1. Reproduction by budding

  2. Reproduction by sporulation

  3. Locomotion by creeping

  4. Respiration through membrane

  5. Nutrition on decayed matter


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Fungi are saprophytic. Saprophytes are organisms that break down the dead remains of living organisms.

A structures that can never be found in the capsid of a virion is ___________.

  1. single stranded RNA

  2. linear double stranded RNA

  3. circular double stranded RNA

  4. ribosomes

  5. reverse transcriptase


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Virion do not have specialized cell organelles like ribosomes.

Why are fungi placed in a distinct kingdom?

  1. Because they do not undergo mitosis.

  2. Because they reproduce asexually.

  3. Because their sexual reproduction involves the union of different mating types strains.

  4. Because they have characteristics that are both plant-like and animal-like.

  5. Because they are non green and can not produce their own food.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Fungi are unique because they are immotile and have a cell wall (like most plants), but are heterotrophic and not photosynthetic (like most animals).

A phage sensitive strain of E. coli is grown in the environment containig DNA from phage resistant bacteria. After incubation, the sensitive strain becomes resistant. Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for this event?

  1. Transduction

  2. Transformation

  3. Conjugation

  4. Replication

  5. Translation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Transformation is genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake, incorporation and expression of exogenous genetic material (exogenous DNA) from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane(s).

When E.coli is placed in a sterile nutrient rich media it undergoes exponential growth. Which of the following phenomenon is responsible for this?

  1. Transduction

  2. Sporulation

  3. Transformation

  4. Binary fission

  5. Conjugation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The exponential growth in bacteria is due to binary fission-asexual reproduction.

What must happen to bacteriophage prior to infecting a bacterium?

  1. It should reproduce to make multiple copies of the phage chromosome.

  2. It should integrate its genome into the bacterial chromosome.

  3. It should penetrate the bacterial cell wall completely.

  4. It should attach to a receptor on the bacterial cell membrane.

  5. It should undergo shrinkage in its size.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The first step in the infection of a host is attachment of the phage tail to a specific receptor on the host cell membrane. The capsid on the bacteriophage does not enter the host cell.

Which of the following features is associated with the lipopolysaccharide layer outside the peptidoglycan cell wall of a gram negative bacterium?

  1. It absorbs and holds gram stain.

  2. It protects the bacterium against certain antibiotics.

  3. It does not contain phospholipids.

  4. It allows the bacterium to attach to solid objects.

  5. It assists in the process of cell division.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A bacterium with an outer membrane is gram negative and protected against certain antibiotics such as penicillin.

What is the advantage offered by the haploid state to the fungal life cycle?

  1. Quick reproduction

  2. More genetically diverse

  3. Large number of cell production

  4. Energy conservation for life sustenance

  5. Spread of the infective stage to healthy host


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Haploid spores can form and spread faster and more efficiently than diploid zygotes because they do not undergo meiosis.

Staphylococcus is a Gram-positive bacteria, which includes several species that can cause a wide variety of infections in humans and other animals through infection or the production of toxins. Staphylococcal toxins are a common cause of food poisoning. What is the shape of the causative agent?

  1. Rod-shaped

  2. Spherical

  3. Spiral

  4. Comma shaped

  5. Square


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Coccus are spherical bacterium, staphylococcus are small colonies of such bacteria.

Which of the following features is correctly described about the most viruses that infect animals?

  1. Enter the host cell via endocytosis.

  2. Do not require a receptor protein to recognize the host cell.

  3. Leave their capsid outside the host cell.

  4. Can reproduce independently of a host cell.

  5. Leave only their protein outside the host cell.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Animal viruses attach by recognizing a receptor protein and entering through endocytosis.

To which character of feeding are virus associated?

  1. Facultative anaerobes

  2. Aerobes

  3. Saprophytes

  4. Parasites

  5. Chemotrophs


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Viruses are not living and do not carry out any type of respiration. They require no nutrients using energy acquired by their host cell. They cannot reproduce inside nonliving organic matter. Viruses reproduce at the expense of a host. Thus, they most closely resemble parasites.

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