Mahatma Gandhi was the preeminent leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. He advocated for nonviolent civil disobedience and played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence from British rule.

George Washington was the first President of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. He is widely regarded as the 'Father of His Country' for his leadership during the American Revolutionary War and his role in shaping the early American republic.

Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He played a significant role in shaping the Soviet Union's political, economic, and social policies during the Cold War.

Winston Churchill served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, leading the country through the majority of World War II. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential leaders in British history.

Maximilien Robespierre was a prominent leader of the French Revolution. He played a key role in the Reign of Terror, a period of intense political repression and violence during the revolution.

Abraham Lincoln served as the President of the United States during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. He led the Union forces to victory and issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed enslaved people in Confederate territories.

Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War. He led the Communist forces to victory and established the People's Republic of China in 1949.

Jawaharlal Nehru was the Prime Minister of India during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. He led India's response to the Chinese invasion and sought international support to resolve the conflict.

John F. Kennedy was the President of the United States during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. He played a crucial role in resolving the crisis and preventing a nuclear war.

Nelson Mandela was the leader of the African National Congress during the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa. He spent 27 years in prison for his political activism and became the first black President of South Africa in 1994.

Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Falklands War in 1982. She led the British forces to victory against Argentina, which had invaded the Falkland Islands.

Richard Nixon was the President of the United States during the Watergate scandal in the early 1970s. The scandal involved the break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the subsequent cover-up by Nixon and his administration.

Mikhail Gorbachev was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. He oversaw the government's response to the nuclear accident and initiated reforms to improve safety standards in the Soviet nuclear industry.

George W. Bush was the President of the United States during the September 11 attacks in 2001. He led the country's response to the attacks and launched the War on Terror.