Feudal law was the dominant legal system in Western Europe during the Middle Ages, governing the relationships between lords, vassals, and serfs.

Customary law, based on long-standing traditions and practices, was the primary source of law in medieval Europe.

Trial by ordeal, involving physical tests like fire or water, was a common method of resolving legal disputes in medieval courts.

Seisin, the legal possession of land, granted lords jurisdiction over their vassals and serfs.

Medieval courts primarily focused on resolving disputes between individuals and enforcing customary laws.

The writ of quo warranto allowed individuals to challenge the legality of a lord's actions by questioning their authority.

The medieval church played a significant role in interpreting canon law, which governed religious matters and influenced secular legal systems.

Primogeniture, the inheritance of property by the eldest son, was a common legal principle in medieval Europe.

The benefit of clergy allowed clerics to claim immunity from criminal prosecution in medieval courts.

Feudal tenure was a legal principle that allowed lords to grant land to vassals in exchange for military service and other obligations.

Medieval guilds primarily focused on regulating trade, setting standards for quality, and protecting the interests of their members.

Mortmain was a legal concept that allowed individuals to transfer property to the church in perpetuity, preventing its sale or inheritance.

Trial by jury evolved gradually from customary practices in medieval legal systems, rather than being introduced by a specific law or event.

Escheat was a legal principle that allowed lords to seize the property of their vassals who failed to fulfill their obligations or died without heirs.

Medieval manorial courts primarily focused on enforcing feudal obligations, resolving disputes among serfs, and maintaining order within the manor.