Qualia are the subjective, conscious aspects of experience that cannot be fully described or explained in objective terms.

Functionalism argues that mental states are defined by their causal role in producing behavior, rather than by their internal properties or brain states.

Hilary Putnam is widely recognized as one of the main proponents of the Functionalist Theory.

Critics of Functionalism argue that it cannot adequately explain the subjective, qualitative aspects of conscious experience.

David Chalmers argues that the Functionalist Theory fails to address the 'hard problem' of consciousness, which is the question of how physical processes in the brain can give rise to subjective conscious experience.

The concept of 'zombies' is often used in philosophical discussions to illustrate the problem of explaining consciousness solely in terms of physical and behavioral properties.

Functionalism suggests that consciousness arises from the interactions and organization of neurons in the brain, rather than being a separate, non-physical entity.

The explanatory gap refers to the difficulty in explaining how physical processes in the brain can give rise to subjective conscious experiences.

Panpsychism suggests that consciousness is a fundamental property of all matter, potentially providing a way to bridge the gap between physical processes and subjective experience.

Eliminativism is the philosophical position that consciousness is not a real phenomenon and that talk about it should be eliminated from scientific and philosophical discourse.

Functionalism suggests that consciousness is a product of the functional organization of the brain, potentially allowing for the creation of conscious machines if their functional organization is sufficiently similar to that of the human brain.

Critics argue that the Knowledge Argument commits a fallacy by inferring from the premise that we cannot know the physical properties of qualia to the conclusion that qualia are non-physical.

Functionalism suggests that mental illness can be understood as a disruption in the normal functional organization of the brain, potentially leading to abnormal patterns of behavior and subjective experience.

Dualism is the philosophical position that consciousness is a non-physical substance or property that is distinct from the physical brain.

Functionalism does not necessarily imply that free will is an illusion or incompatible with physical processes, as it allows for the possibility that mental states, including volitions and intentions, can have causal effects on behavior.