The spear was a versatile weapon that could be used for both thrusting and throwing, making it a popular choice for infantry soldiers.

Plate armor provided the best protection against enemy attacks and was commonly worn by knights and other wealthy warriors.

The schiltron was a dense formation of infantry soldiers armed with spears, shields, and other weapons, designed to withstand cavalry charges.

Medieval castles were primarily built for defense, serving as strongholds for lords and their armies to protect their territory and repel enemy attacks.

The trebuchet was a powerful siege weapon that used a counterweight to launch large projectiles, such as rocks or boulders, at castle walls.

Archers were primarily used for long-range attacks, providing covering fire for advancing troops and harassing enemy formations.

Flanking maneuvers involved attacking the enemy from the sides or rear, catching them off guard and potentially causing a rout.

Cavalry was primarily used for shock attacks, charging into enemy formations to break their ranks and cause chaos.

Warhammers were designed to deliver powerful blows and were effective against chainmail armor, often used by infantry to counter mounted knights.

Moats were primarily used for defense, serving as an obstacle to impede enemy advances and making it difficult for attackers to reach the castle walls.

False retreats were used to deceive the enemy, luring them into a vulnerable position where they could be attacked from multiple sides.

Siege towers were mobile structures used to attack castle walls, providing a platform for soldiers to reach the top of the walls and engage in close combat.

Swords were the primary weapon for knights in close-quarters combat, providing versatility and effectiveness in both cutting and thrusting attacks.

Portcullises were heavy gates suspended above castle gates, designed to be dropped to block the entrance and protect the gatehouse from enemy attacks.

The scorched earth policy involved burning crops, fields, and settlements to deprive the enemy of resources and hinder their ability to sustain their forces.