Ferdinand de Saussure is credited with founding structuralism, a school of thought that emphasizes the importance of structure in understanding language and other cultural phenomena.

The sign is the central concept of structuralism. A sign is a unit of meaning that consists of a signifier (the physical form of the sign) and a signified (the mental concept that the signifier represents).

Structuralism views language as a system of arbitrary signs. This means that the relationship between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary and conventional.

Sigmund Freud is credited with founding psychoanalysis, a school of thought that emphasizes the importance of the unconscious mind in human behavior.

The unconscious is the central concept of psychoanalysis. The unconscious is a reservoir of thoughts, feelings, and memories that are inaccessible to conscious awareness.

Psychoanalysis views the human mind as a tripartite structure consisting of the id, ego, and superego. The id is the impulsive, pleasure-seeking part of the mind, the ego is the rational, reality-oriented part of the mind, and the superego is the moral, ethical part of the mind.

The Oedipus complex is a boy's unconscious desire to kill his father and marry his mother. This desire is typically repressed in early childhood, but it can resurface later in life in the form of anxiety, guilt, or other psychological problems.

The Electra complex is a girl's unconscious desire to kill her mother and marry her father. This desire is typically repressed in early childhood, but it can resurface later in life in the form of anxiety, guilt, or other psychological problems.

Structuralism influenced psychoanalysis by leading to the development of the unconscious mind. Structuralism's emphasis on the importance of structure led Freud to theorize that there is an unconscious mind that is structured like a language.

Psychoanalysis influenced structuralism by leading to the development of the sign. Freud's theory of the unconscious led Saussure to theorize that the sign is a unit of meaning that consists of a signifier (the physical form of the sign) and a signified (the mental concept that the signifier represents).

The sign is a key concept in both structuralism and psychoanalysis. In structuralism, the sign is a unit of meaning that consists of a signifier (the physical form of the sign) and a signified (the mental concept that the signifier represents). In psychoanalysis, the sign is a symbol that represents an unconscious desire or conflict.

Jacques Lacan is a key figure in both structuralism and psychoanalysis. He was a French psychoanalyst who was influenced by both Saussure and Freud. Lacan's work has been influential in the development of both structuralism and psychoanalysis.

The Interpretation of Dreams is a key text in both structuralism and psychoanalysis. It was written by Sigmund Freud in 1899 and is considered to be one of the founding texts of psychoanalysis. The book explores the unconscious mind and its role in dreams.

Free association is a key method in both structuralism and psychoanalysis. It is a technique in which a person is encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, without censorship or judgment. This technique is used to access the unconscious mind.

The sign is a key concept in structuralism but not in psychoanalysis. The sign is a unit of meaning that consists of a signifier (the physical form of the sign) and a signified (the mental concept that the signifier represents). This concept is central to structuralism, but it is not as important in psychoanalysis.