Formalism emphasizes the importance of the formal elements of art, such as line, shape, color, and composition, and argues that these elements are more significant than the subject matter or content of the artwork.

Cubism, with its emphasis on the fragmentation and reassembly of forms, is often seen as a key movement in the development of Formalism.

Clement Greenberg is widely regarded as one of the most influential Formalist art critics, known for his emphasis on the medium-specificity of art and his theory of 'flatness'.

Aesthetic autonomy refers to the belief that art should be judged solely on its own aesthetic merits, without being influenced by external factors such as morality, politics, or social context.

Roger Fry, a prominent Formalist critic, emphasized the importance of 'opticality' and the play of light and color in art, arguing that these elements are essential to the aesthetic experience.

Non-representational art refers to art that does not attempt to depict or imitate external objects or forms, instead focusing on the formal qualities of the artwork itself.

Clement Greenberg's theory of 'flatness' emphasized the importance of the two-dimensional nature of painting, rejecting the illusion of depth and advocating for a focus on the surface and materiality of the artwork.

Self-reflexivity in art refers to the practice of creating artworks that draw attention to their own structure, processes, and materials, often questioning the nature and conventions of art itself.

Michael Fried's writings on art emphasized the importance of 'difficulty' and the challenge that art should pose to the viewer, arguing that it should disrupt and unsettle conventional notions of beauty and pleasure.

Pure form in Formalism refers to the idea that art should be devoid of any emotional or subjective content and instead focus on its formal qualities, such as line, shape, color, and composition.

Michael Fried's writings on art emphasized the importance of 'anti-illusionism' and the rejection of the representation of the natural world, arguing that art should focus on its own internal structure and processes.

Art for art's sake refers to the belief that art should be valued for its own intrinsic aesthetic qualities, rather than for any practical or utilitarian purpose.

Harold Rosenberg's writings on art emphasized the importance of 'open-endedness' and the rejection of fixed or definitive interpretations, arguing that art should allow for multiple and diverse readings.

Visual autonomy in Formalism refers to the belief that art should be judged based solely on its visual qualities, without being influenced by narrative or literary content.

T.J. Clark's writings on art emphasized the importance of 'self-criticism' and the questioning of art's own conventions and assumptions, arguing that art should be reflexive and engage with its own history and context.