The Standard Model describes four fundamental forces: gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force.

Quarks are the fundamental constituents of matter in the Standard Model. They combine to form protons, neutrons, and other subatomic particles.

Leptons, bosons, hadrons, and quarks are all types of elementary particles in the Standard Model.

The photon is the carrier of the electromagnetic force and is responsible for interactions between charged particles.

Baryons are a type of hadron, which are composed of three quarks. Protons and neutrons are examples of baryons.

The gluon is the carrier of the strong nuclear force and is responsible for binding quarks together to form hadrons.

Electrons, muons, and taus are all types of leptons.

The W and Z bosons are the carriers of the weak nuclear force and are responsible for interactions involving radioactive decay and neutrino interactions.

Mass, charge, and spin are all fundamental properties of elementary particles.

Quantum Field Theory is the theory that describes the interactions of elementary particles and the fundamental forces.

The uncertainty principle states that the more precisely the position of a particle is known, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa. This implies that particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously.

Gauge symmetry is the symmetry principle that underlies the Standard Model. It is a mathematical framework that allows for the description of the fundamental forces and their interactions.

Gauge symmetry has several consequences in Quantum Field Theory, including the existence of massless particles, the existence of force-carrying particles, and the conservation of energy and momentum.

The Higgs mechanism, electroweak symmetry breaking, and spontaneous symmetry breaking are all terms used to describe the mechanism that gives mass to elementary particles.

The existence of the Higgs boson, dark matter, and dark energy are all predictions of the Standard Model that have not yet been experimentally confirmed.