Adoption is the legal process of permanently transferring parental rights and responsibilities from one person or couple to another, resulting in a parent-child relationship between the adoptive parents and the adopted child.

Step-parent adoption is not a type of adoption, as it involves the legal recognition of a parent-child relationship between a step-parent and a stepchild, rather than the transfer of parental rights and responsibilities from one person or couple to another.

An adoption home study is conducted to assess the suitability of prospective adoptive parents, evaluating their parenting skills, financial stability, and overall ability to provide a safe and nurturing home for an adopted child.

In the United States, a Family Court Judge has the authority to grant an adoption, after reviewing the adoption petition, conducting a hearing, and determining that the adoption is in the best interests of the child.

In most jurisdictions, an adopted child has the same legal status as a biological child of the adoptive parents, including the right to inherit property and receive support.

The availability of adoption records varies depending on the jurisdiction. In some jurisdictions, adoption records are sealed and confidential, while in others they are open and accessible to the adopted person and their biological family members.

A post-adoption contact agreement is a legal document that outlines the terms and conditions for communication and contact between the adopted child and their biological family members, if desired by all parties involved.

An adopted child does not have the legal right to receive child support from their biological parents, as the adoptive parents are legally responsible for providing financial support to the child.

Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights is the legal process through which a court terminates the parental rights of a parent or parents against their will, typically due to neglect, abuse, or abandonment of the child.

Parental Incarceration is not a ground for involuntary termination of parental rights, as it does not necessarily indicate that the parent is unfit or unable to care for their child.

A pre-placement assessment in adoption is conducted to determine the child's placement needs, including their developmental, emotional, and social needs, in order to match them with suitable adoptive parents who can meet those needs.

Adoption Tax Credit is not a type of adoption subsidy, as it is a tax benefit provided to adoptive parents by the government, rather than a direct financial assistance program.

In most jurisdictions, the legal principle that guides adoption decisions is the best interests of the child, which means that the court considers what is in the best interest of the child when making an adoption order.

Payment of an adoption fee is not a legal requirement for a valid adoption, although some adoption agencies may charge a fee to cover their administrative costs.

A child placed in foster care is considered a ward of the state, meaning that the state has legal responsibility for their care and well-being until they are adopted, reunited with their biological family, or reach the age of majority.