Theory of mind refers to the ability to attribute mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions, to oneself and others.

John Rawls proposed the 'veil of ignorance' as a thought experiment to ensure impartial ethical decision-making, where individuals are unaware of their own personal characteristics and circumstances.

The Golden Rule is a moral principle that encourages individuals to treat others the way they themselves would like to be treated.

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that emphasizes maximizing overall happiness or well-being as the primary moral goal.

Empathy refers to the ability to understand and share the emotional experiences of others.

Virtue Ethics focuses on developing and practicing virtues as the foundation for ethical behavior.

Respect for Autonomy is an ethical principle that emphasizes respecting the choices and decisions of others.

Existentialism emphasizes individual freedom and responsibility in creating meaning and purpose in one's own life.

Introspection refers to the ability to examine and understand one's own mental states, including thoughts, feelings, and beliefs.

Deontology emphasizes following moral rules or principles, even if they lead to unfavorable outcomes.

Non-maleficence is an ethical principle that emphasizes avoiding causing harm to others.

Justice emphasizes treating individuals fairly and equitably, ensuring that their rights and interests are respected.

Perspective-taking refers to the ability to understand and appreciate the viewpoints and experiences of others, even if they differ from one's own.

Altruism emphasizes acting in a way that benefits others, even if it means sacrificing one's own interests.

Beneficence is an ethical principle that emphasizes acting in a way that promotes the well-being and interests of others.