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World Climate and Climate Change

Description: World Climate and Climate Change, Geography, XI
Number of Questions: 22
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Tags: World Climate and Climate Change
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The tropical group is divided into which of the following types?

a. Tropical wet climate b. Tropical monsoon climate c. Tropical wet and dry climate d. Subtropical steppe e. Subtropical desert

  1. Only a, b and c

  2. Only a, b, c and d

  3. Only a, c, d and e

  4. Only b, c, d and e

  5. All of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The tropical group is divided into Tropical wet climate; Tropical monsoon climate; Tropical wet and dry climate. Thus, this is the correct answer.

Which of the following characteristics is true for Koeppen’s B type of climates?

  1. Average temperature of the coldest month is 18°C or higher.

  2. Potential evaporation exceeds precipitation.

  3. The average temperature of the coldest month of the (Mid-latitude) climates years is higher than minus 3°C, but below 18°C.

  4. The average temperature of the coldest month is minus 3°C or below.

  5. Average temperature for all months is below 10°C


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct answer, as B type of climate according to Koeppen is the dry climate and potential evaporation exceeds precipitation in a dry climate.

Which of the following statements is correct about the tropical wet climates?

a. Tropical evergreen forests with dense canopy cover and large biodiversity are found in this climate. b. Temperature is high throughout the year and diurnal ranges of temperature are the greatest in this climate. c. Significant amount of rainfall occurs in every month of the year as thunder showers in this climate.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. Only a and b

  5. Only a and c


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Tropical evergreen forests with dense canopy cover and large biodiversity are found in this climate. Significant amount of rainfall occurs in every month of the year, as thunder showers in this climat both these. This is the correcrt answer, as both these statements are correct

Koeppen’s scheme of classification is based on which of the following?

  1. Empirical

  2. Genetic

  3. Applied

  4. Systematic

  5. Geographical


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation. Koeppen used the empirical classification climate scheme that identified a close relationship between the distribution of vegetation and climate. He selected certain values of temperature and precipitation and related them to the distribution of vegetation and used these values for classifying the climates. It is an empirical classification based on mean annual and mean monthly temperature and precipitation data.

Tropical wet and dry climate occurs over which of the following regions?

  1. The south China interior plains

  2. The coast in south eastern and south western Australia

  3. The Amazon forest in Brazil

  4. The southeastern Australia and New Zealand

  5. Interior Greenland and Antarctica


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Extensive Aw or tropical wet and dry climate is found to the north and south of the Amazon forest in Brazil. This is the correct answer.

Which of the following climate types is found over the Indian sub continent?

  1. Tropical wet climate

  2. Tropical monsoon climate

  3. Tropical wet and dry climate

  4. Warm temperate climate

  5. Cold climate with dry winters


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Tropical monsoon climate (Am) is found over the Indian sub-continent, North Eastern part of South America and Northern Australia. Heavy rainfall occurs mostly in summer and winter is dry.

Which of the following is/are incorrect about the dry climates?

a. Dry climates are characterised by very low rainfall that is not adequate for the growth of plants. b. These climates cover a very large area of the planet. c. These are also known as the D type of climates according to Koeppen’s classification of climates.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. Only a and b

  5. Only b and c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This statement is incorrect, as the dry climate types are also known as the B type of climates. The D type climates are cold snow forest climates according to the classification given by Koeppen. Thus, this is the correct answer.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. Subtropical steppe and subtropical desert climates have common precipitation and temperature characteristics. b. The rainfall in both these climates is highly variable. c. The annual and diurnal ranges of temperature in these are also high.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. All of these

  5. None of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct answer, as the given statements are correct. Subtropical steppe and subtropical desert climates have common precipitation and temperature characteristics. The rainfall in both these climates is highly variable. The annual and diurnal ranges of temperature in these are also high.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. Cold climate with dry winter occurs mainly over Northeastern Asia.

  2. Marine west coast climate is located poleward from the Mediterranean climate on the west coast of the continents.

  3. Warm temperate (mid-latitude) climates generally have warm summers with mild winters.

  4. Heavy rainfall occurs all year around in the tropical monsoon climate.

  5. The winters are cold and snowy with a short frost free season in cold climates with humid winters.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is incorrect. Tropical monsoon climate has heavy rainfall mostly in summer. Winter is dry.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. The areas under Mediterranean climate come under the influence of sub tropical high in summer and westerly wind in winter. b. This climate type is characterised by a hot, dry summer and a mild, rainy winter. c. Thunderstorms in summer and frontal precipitation in winter are common in this climate type.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. Only a and c

  5. Only a and b


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is the correct answer, as these statements are correct. The areas under Mediterranean climate come under the influence of sub tropical high in summer and westerly wind in winter. This climate type is characterised by a hot, dry summer and a mild, rainy winter.

Which of the following is correct about ice cap climates?

a. Even in summer, the temperature is below freezing point. b. This area receives very little precipitation. c. The weather changes are abrupt and short in areas with ice cap climates.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. All of these

  5. Only a and b


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Even in summer, the temperature is below freezing point. This area receives very little precipitation. This is the correct answer, as both these are correct about ice cap climates.

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about Highland climates?

a. Highland climates are governed by topography. b. Precipitation types and intensity vary spatially across high lands. c. This is the region of permafrost where the sub soil is permanently frozen.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. Only a and b

  5. Only b and c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is incorrect about highland climates. This happens in area with tundra climate. Thus, this is the correct answer choice.

In which of the following types of climates the air masses are unstable and cause rainfall throughout the Year?

  1. Tundra climate

  2. Ice cap climate

  3. Humid subtropical climate

  4. Subtropical steppe

  5. Tropical monsoon climate


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct answer as here the air masses are unstable and cause rainfall throughout the Year.

Which of the following has been named after the types of vegetation, like low growing mosses, lichens and flowering plants?

  1. Tundra climate

  2. Ice cap climate

  3. Highland climate

  4. Cold climate

  5. Mediterranean climate


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The tundra climate (ET) is  named after the types of vegetation, like low growing mosses, lichens and flowering plants.

Which of the following groups of types of climates have very low temperature?

(i) C (ii) D (iii) E (iv) H

  1. Types C, D, E and H

  2. Types D, E and H

  3. Types C, E and H

  4. Types C and H

  5. Type C


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Types D, E and H are cold snow forest climates, cold climates and highland type climates respectively. These climate types have very low temperatures that range from severe winters to perennial ice cover.

Which of the following statements about sunspots is/are correct?

a. Increase in sunspots causes cooler and wetter weather with greater storminess. b. Sunspots are dark and cooler patches on the sun which increase and decrease in a cyclical manner. c. Sunspots alter the amount of insolation received from the sun, which in turn, might have a bearing on the climate.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. Only a and b

  5. Only b and c


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Increase in sunspots causes cooler and wetter weather with greater storminess. Sunspots are dark and cooler patches on the sun, which increase and decrease in a cyclical manner. These statements are correct. Thus, this is the correct answer.

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

a. Volcanism is considered as a cause for climate change. b. The severe drought that occurred in southwestern Great Plains of the United States is described as the dust bowl. c. A decrease in sunspot numbers is associated with warm and drier conditions.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. All of the above

  5. None of the above


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is the correct answer choice, as all the statements are correct.

Which of the following climate types is the region of permafrost where the sub soil is permanently frozen with long durations of day and night during summers?

  1. Humid continental

  2. Highland type

  3. Tundra

  4. Subarctic

  5. Subtropical desert


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct answer, as this has the region of permafrost where the sub soil is permanently frozen. There is a short growing season and water logging supports only low growing plants. During summer, the tundra regions have very long duration of day light.

Which of the following statements is not correct?

  1. Some gases react with green house gases and affect their concentration in the atmosphere.

  2. The largest concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere is carbon mono oxide.

  3. Ozone absorbs ultra violet radiation in the stratosphere.

  4. All of the above

  5. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This statement is incorrect. The largest concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Tokyo protocol was initiated for reducing the emission of GHGs into the atmosphere. b. The depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere is called the ozone hole. c. Ultra-violet rays convert ozone into oxygen.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. Only a and c

  5. All of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This statement is correct. The depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere is called the ozone hole.

Which of the following years recorded the warmest temperature the world over?

  1. 1856

  2. 1940

  3. 1997

  4. 1998

  5. 2012


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The year 1998 was the warmest year, probably not only for the 20th century but also for the whole millennium.

Match the type of vegetation with the type of climate ||| |---|---| | Vegetation| Type of climate| |a. Sparse grasslands|1. Aw| |b. Deciduous forests|2. Af| |c. Tropical evergreen forests|3. BSh|

  1. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  2. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2

  3. a - 3, b - 2, c - 1

  4. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1

  5. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct matching. BSh indicates the Subtropical steppe type of climate and this has sparse grasslands. Aw indicates Tropical wet and dry climates and these have deciduous forests, and tree shredded grasslands. Af indicates the Tropical wet climates and these have tropical evergreen forests with a dense canopy cover and large biodiversity.

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