Plasma is typically generated using electrical discharge, where a high voltage is applied across a gas, causing the gas to ionize and become plasma.

Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) is a plasma processing technique used to etch materials by bombarding the surface with reactive ions, typically in the presence of a reactive gas.

In plasma etching, material removal primarily occurs through a process called sputtering, where ions in the plasma bombard the surface of the material, causing atoms to be ejected.

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is a plasma processing technique used to deposit materials by introducing a precursor gas into the plasma, which reacts with the surface of the substrate to form the desired material.

In plasma CVD, material deposition primarily occurs through chemical reactions between the precursor gas and the surface of the substrate, leading to the formation of the desired material.

Plasma Nitriding is a plasma processing technique used to modify the surface of materials by introducing nitrogen atoms into the surface, improving properties such as hardness and wear resistance.

In plasma nitriding, surface modification primarily occurs through chemical reactions between nitrogen ions and the surface of the material, leading to the formation of nitrides.

Plasma Ashing is a plasma processing technique used to clean surfaces by removing organic contaminants and residues through a combination of chemical reactions and physical sputtering.

In plasma ashing, surface cleaning primarily occurs through chemical reactions between the plasma species and the contaminants on the surface, leading to the removal of the contaminants.

Plasma Activation is a plasma processing technique used to enhance adhesion between materials by modifying the surface chemistry and increasing the surface energy, promoting better bonding.

In plasma activation, adhesion enhancement primarily occurs through chemical reactions between the plasma species and the surface of the material, leading to the formation of functional groups that promote bonding.

Plasma Sterilization is a plasma processing technique used to sterilize medical devices and other products by exposing them to a plasma, which effectively kills microorganisms.

In plasma sterilization, sterilization primarily occurs through chemical reactions between the plasma species and the microorganisms, leading to the inactivation or destruction of the microorganisms.

Plasma Synthesis is a plasma processing technique used to synthesize nanomaterials by introducing precursors into the plasma, which react to form nanoparticles or nanostructures.

In plasma synthesis, nanomaterial synthesis primarily occurs through chemical reactions between the precursors and the plasma species, leading to the formation of nanoparticles or nanostructures.