Albertus Magnus was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, and theologian who made significant contributions to medieval science, especially in the fields of medicine and philosophy.

Roger Bacon was an English Franciscan friar who is considered one of the most important figures in the history of science. He is often referred to as the father of modern science due to his emphasis on experimentation and observation.

Peter Abelard was a French scholastic philosopher and theologian who made significant contributions to logic and philosophy. He is known for his work on the problem of universals and his theory of conceptualism.

Thomas Aquinas was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and theologian who is considered one of the greatest theologians and philosophers of all time. He is known for his work on the Summa Theologica, which is a comprehensive treatise on Christian theology.

Gerbert of Aurillac was a French Benedictine monk, mathematician, astronomer, and Pope who made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy. He introduced the abacus to Europe and developed a system of numerals that eventually became the basis for the modern decimal system.

Jean Buridan was a French philosopher and theologian who made significant contributions to the theory of motion. He is known for his work on the impetus theory, which states that a moving object will continue to move until it is acted upon by an external force.

Ibn al-Haytham was a Muslim mathematician, astronomer, and physicist who made significant contributions to the study of optics. He is known for his work on the Book of Optics, which is considered one of the most important works on optics in history.

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish mathematician and astronomer who developed the heliocentric theory of planetary motion, which placed the Sun at the center of the universe instead of the Earth.

Mondino de Liuzzi was an Italian physician and anatomist who made significant contributions to the study of anatomy. He is known for his work on the Anothomia, which was the first printed book on human anatomy.

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist who developed the theory of natural selection, which explains how species evolve over time.

Jabir ibn Hayyan was a Muslim alchemist and chemist who made significant contributions to the study of chemistry. He is known for his work on the Book of the Balance, which is considered one of the most important works on chemistry in history.

Isaac Newton was an English mathematician and physicist who developed the theory of gravity, which explains how objects attract each other.

Guido of Arezzo was an Italian Benedictine monk and music theorist who made significant contributions to the study of music. He is known for his work on the Micrologus, which is considered one of the most important works on music theory in history.

Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which explains the relationship between space, time, and gravity.

Ibn Khaldun was a Muslim historian, sociologist, and economist who made significant contributions to the study of economics. He is known for his work on the Muqaddimah, which is considered one of the most important works on economics in history.