Caffeine is a stimulant that can improve alertness and focus, but it is not considered a performance-enhancing drug in the same way that anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and other substances are.

Concussions, ACL tears, and hamstring strains are all common injuries that occur in professional sports.

Biomechanics is the study of the mechanics of living organisms, and it plays a role in all aspects of professional sports, from analyzing and improving athletic performance to preventing injuries and designing sports equipment.

Warm-up and cool-down exercises, strength and conditioning training, and proper nutrition and hydration are all common methods of injury prevention in professional sports.

Sports psychology plays a role in all aspects of mental health and performance in professional sports, from helping athletes manage stress and anxiety to improving motivation and focus and building team cohesion and communication.

Creatine, beta-alanine, and fish oil are all common types of performance-enhancing supplements used by athletes.

Nutrition plays a vital role in all aspects of athletic performance and recovery, from providing energy for workouts and competitions to helping athletes recover from injuries and maintain a healthy immune system.

Concussions, ACL tears, and hamstring strains are all common injuries that occur in professional football.

Technology plays a role in all aspects of professional sports, from tracking and analyzing athletic performance to preventing injuries and designing sports equipment.

Concussions, ACL tears, and hamstring strains are all common injuries that occur in professional basketball.

Strength and conditioning training plays a vital role in all aspects of athletic performance and recovery, from improving athletic performance to preventing injuries and helping athletes recover from workouts and competitions.

Tommy John surgery is a common type of injury that occurs in professional baseball, and it involves the repair of the ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow.

Sports medicine plays a vital role in all aspects of health and wellness in professional sports, from treating and preventing injuries to conducting research on athletic performance and injury prevention and educating athletes on health and wellness.

Concussions, ACL tears, and hamstring strains are all common injuries that occur in professional hockey.

Ethics play a vital role in all aspects of professional sports, from ensuring fair play and competition to protecting the health and safety of athletes and promoting sportsmanship and respect.