Functional diversity refers to the variety of traits and functions performed by organisms in an ecosystem. It is a measure of the diversity of ecological roles played by different species.

Functional diversity is important because it increases the stability and resilience of ecosystems, promotes ecosystem productivity, and enhances the ability of ecosystems to provide ecosystem services.

Functional traits are measurable characteristics of organisms that influence their ecological roles. Examples of functional traits include body size, diet, habitat, and behavior.

Functional diversity can be measured by measuring the abundance of different species, the diversity of functional traits, and the ecosystem processes that are performed by different species.

Functional diversity is threatened by a variety of factors, including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and invasive species.

Functional diversity can be conserved by protecting and restoring habitats, reducing climate change, controlling pollution, and managing invasive species.

Policy tools that can be used to promote functional diversity include land use planning, conservation easements, incentives for sustainable agriculture, and regulations on pollution.

Challenges to implementing policies that promote functional diversity include lack of data on functional diversity, uncertainty about the benefits of functional diversity, and resistance from stakeholders.

Opportunities for promoting functional diversity through policy include developing new policies that explicitly consider functional diversity, integrating functional diversity into existing policies, and raising awareness of the importance of functional diversity.

Scientists can play a role in promoting functional diversity through policy by conducting research on functional diversity, communicating the importance of functional diversity to policymakers, and working with policymakers to develop policies that promote functional diversity.

Citizens can play a role in promoting functional diversity through policy by contacting their elected representatives to express support for policies that promote functional diversity, voting for candidates who support policies that promote functional diversity, and supporting organizations that work to promote functional diversity.

Examples of policies that have been implemented to promote functional diversity include the European Union's Natura 2000 network of protected areas, the United States' Endangered Species Act, and the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Challenges to implementing policies that promote functional diversity include lack of data on functional diversity, uncertainty about the benefits of functional diversity, and resistance from stakeholders.

Opportunities for promoting functional diversity through policy include developing new policies that explicitly consider functional diversity, integrating functional diversity into existing policies, and raising awareness of the importance of functional diversity.

Scientists can play a role in promoting functional diversity through policy by conducting research on functional diversity, communicating the importance of functional diversity to policymakers, and working with policymakers to develop policies that promote functional diversity.