Embedded systems are designed to interact with the physical world, typically by controlling and monitoring sensors and actuators.

ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems due to their low power consumption, small size, and high performance.

An RTOS is designed to handle real-time events and tasks, ensuring that critical tasks are executed within strict time constraints.

Hardware-software co-design involves the concurrent design of hardware and software components to optimize the overall performance and functionality of the embedded system.

C is widely used for embedded systems development due to its efficiency, low-level control, and support for various hardware platforms.

Sensors are used to collect data from the physical environment, such as temperature, pressure, or motion, and convert it into electrical signals.

Actuators are used to control physical devices, such as motors, valves, or displays, based on the data collected by sensors and processed by the embedded system.

Real-time performance refers to the ability of an embedded system to respond to events within a specified time frame, ensuring that critical tasks are executed on time.

Serial communication is widely used in embedded systems due to its simplicity, low cost, and ability to transmit data over long distances.

A watchdog timer is used to monitor the system's operation and reset it in case of a failure, ensuring that the system remains functional.

Flash memory is widely used in embedded systems due to its non-volatile nature, high endurance, and ability to store large amounts of data.

System integration testing involves testing the entire embedded system, including hardware, software, and communication interfaces, to ensure proper functionality.

An IDE provides a comprehensive environment for embedded systems development, including code editing, compilation, debugging, and simulation.

A bootloader is responsible for loading the operating system or application code into memory when the embedded system is powered on or reset.

Microcontroller-based systems are widely used in consumer electronics due to their low cost, small size, and ability to perform various tasks.