Gothic architecture, with its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, was the dominant architectural style in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Medieval castles were primarily built for defense, to protect the inhabitants from attack by enemies.

Chartres Cathedral in France is renowned for its stunning stained glass windows, which depict biblical scenes and stories.

Flying buttresses were used in Gothic architecture to support the weight of the roof and prevent the walls from collapsing.

The Pont du Gard in France is an ancient Roman aqueduct that is considered a masterpiece of engineering and architecture for its impressive size and innovative design.

Stone was the primary building material used in the construction of medieval castles due to its durability and strength.

Salisbury Cathedral in England is famous for its towering spire, which is the tallest in the United Kingdom.

Machicolations were openings in the floor of a castle's parapet that allowed defenders to drop objects, such as rocks or boiling oil, on attackers below.

The Ponte Vecchio in Florence, Italy, is famous for its humpbacked design, which was necessary to accommodate the Arno River's frequent flooding.

Medieval cathedrals were primarily built as centers of worship and religious ceremonies.

Caernarfon Castle in Wales is famous for its concentric design, with multiple layers of walls and towers providing additional defense.

Gargoyles were used in Gothic architecture to drain rainwater away from the building, preventing damage to the structure.

London Bridge was rebuilt in the 12th century using pointed arches, which allowed for a wider and stronger bridge.

Medieval guilds were associations of craftsmen and merchants that regulated trade and craftsmanship in their respective fields.

Bodiam Castle in England is famous for its impressive moat, which was designed to deter attackers and provide an additional layer of defense.