A surgical rectoscope is a medical instrument used to visualize the rectum and lower colon for diagnostic purposes.

Rigid rectoscopes are typically used for routine examinations due to their simplicity, ease of use, and lower cost compared to flexible rectoscopes.

Rigid surgical rectoscopes typically have a length of 20-25 cm, allowing for adequate visualization of the rectum and lower colon.

Fiber optic light is commonly used in surgical rectoscopes due to its ability to transmit bright and focused illumination to the distal end of the instrument.

The obturator is a blunt-tipped device that is inserted into the rectoscope before use to facilitate smooth insertion and prevent damage to the rectal wall.

Colonoscopes are long, flexible rectoscopes that allow for visualization of the entire colon, including the rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, and ascending colon.

Flexible surgical rectoscopes typically have a diameter of 10-12 mm, allowing for easy insertion and maneuverability within the rectum and colon.

Flexible rectoscopes are commonly used for therapeutic procedures such as polypectomy, biopsy, and endoscopic mucosal resection due to their ability to reach and manipulate tissues throughout the rectum and colon.

The biopsy channel in a surgical rectoscope allows for the collection of tissue samples from the rectum and colon for pathological examination.

Colonoscopes are commonly used for screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer due to their ability to visualize the entire colon and detect precancerous lesions or early-stage tumors.

Flexible surgical rectoscopes typically have a length of 150-180 cm, allowing for visualization of the entire colon and rectum.

Flexible rectoscopes are commonly used for minimally invasive surgical procedures such as endoscopic mucosal resection and polypectomy due to their ability to reach and manipulate tissues throughout the rectum and colon.

The irrigation channel in a surgical rectoscope allows for the flushing and cleaning of the rectal lumen to improve visualization and facilitate procedures.

Sigmoidoscopes are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the rectum and sigmoid colon due to their shorter length and ability to visualize a significant portion of the lower gastrointestinal tract.