The primary objective of protected area management is to preserve natural and cultural heritage, including biodiversity, ecosystems, and cultural landscapes.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) provides a comprehensive framework for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, including the establishment and management of protected areas.

Category Ib: Wilderness Area is designated for areas that are managed primarily for wilderness protection, with minimal human intervention.

Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) aim to involve local communities in protected area management by providing economic incentives and promoting sustainable livelihoods.

Zonation involves dividing a protected area into distinct zones with different management objectives, such as core zones for strict protection and buffer zones for sustainable use.

Ecosystem-Based Management emphasizes the maintenance of ecological processes and the resilience of ecosystems, considering the interactions between species and their environment.

Buffer Zone refers to the area surrounding a protected area that is managed to reduce negative impacts on the protected area, such as pollution, habitat fragmentation, and unsustainable resource extraction.

Adaptive Management involves adjusting management actions based on monitoring data and research findings, allowing for flexible and responsive management approaches.

Evaluation involves assessing the effectiveness of protected area management in achieving its objectives, often through the use of indicators and performance targets.

Species-Specific Management focuses on the protection of a particular species or habitat of special conservation significance, often involving targeted conservation actions and monitoring.

Ecological Restoration involves the process of restoring degraded ecosystems within a protected area to their natural or desired state, often through active interventions and management.

Landscape-Scale Conservation emphasizes the integration of protected area management with the surrounding landscape, considering ecological connectivity and the movement of species.

Threat Mitigation involves the process of reducing or eliminating threats to a protected area, such as habitat loss, pollution, and unsustainable resource extraction.

Participatory Management involves the involvement of indigenous peoples and local communities in protected area management, recognizing their traditional knowledge and rights.

Protected Area Management Plan involves the process of developing a long-term plan for the management of a protected area, outlining its objectives, strategies, and actions.