Surgical bronchoscopes are primarily used to obtain tissue samples from the lungs for diagnostic purposes, such as biopsies.

Flexible bronchoscopes are designed to navigate the intricate branching patterns of the peripheral airways due to their ability to bend and conform to the anatomy.

Video bronchoscopes provide real-time, high-resolution images of the airways, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and intervention.

Foreign body removal is a bronchoscopic procedure used to extract foreign objects, such as aspirated food or small toys, from the airways.

Bronchial thermoplasty is a bronchoscopic procedure that aims to improve lung function and reduce asthma attacks by reducing airway inflammation and remodeling.

Bronchial stenting is a bronchoscopic procedure used to place a stent in a narrowed airway to maintain its patency and prevent collapse.

Bronchial lavage is a bronchoscopic procedure used to collect samples of fluid and cells from the airways for diagnostic purposes, particularly in the evaluation of lung infections.

Ultra-thin bronchoscopes are specifically designed with a smaller diameter to accommodate the narrower airways of pediatric patients.

Rigid bronchoscopes allow for the use of specialized instruments and techniques for performing minimally invasive procedures, such as tumor resection or foreign body removal.

Laser bronchoscopy is a bronchoscopic procedure that utilizes a laser to vaporize or ablate abnormal tissue in the airways, such as tumors or obstructing lesions.

Cryotherapy is a bronchoscopic technique that involves the application of extreme cold to destroy cancerous tissue in the airways.

Balloon bronchoplasty is a bronchoscopic procedure that involves the insertion of a balloon into a narrowed airway and inflating it to dilate the airway.

Forceps are commonly used in bronchoscopic procedures to grasp and remove foreign objects, such as aspirated food or small toys, from the airways.

Bronchial brushing is a bronchoscopic technique that involves gently brushing the lining of the airways to collect cells for cytological examination.

VATS offers several advantages over open thoracotomy, including reduced risk of complications, shorter recovery time, and improved visualization of the surgical field due to the use of a camera.