European powers were primarily driven by economic motives, seeking access to new markets, raw materials, and cheap labor.

Great Britain controlled the largest share of African territory, including present-day Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa.

The Berlin Conference was convened to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa, leading to the partition of the continent.

France and Great Britain competed for control over territories in West Africa, particularly the Niger River region.

European powers often justified their colonization by presenting it as a mission to bring civilization, Christianity, and modern technology to Africa.

European colonialism often led to the extraction of natural resources and the exploitation of African labor, resulting in economic disparities and underdevelopment.

African societies exhibited a range of responses to colonialism, including armed resistance, collaboration with colonial powers, and various forms of cultural and political resistance.

Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana, was a leading figure in the anti-colonial movement and a strong advocate for African independence.

European colonialism often resulted in the suppression and erosion of African cultural practices, languages, and traditions.

France established colonies in North Africa, including Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco.

European colonialism often led to the imposition of European-style political systems, including the introduction of colonial administrations and the marginalization of traditional African political structures.

Belgium, under the rule of King Leopold II, colonized the Congo Free State, which later became the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The Berlin Act of 1885 established rules for European colonization in Africa, including the recognition of spheres of influence and the prohibition of slavery.

Ghana, under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah, gained independence from British colonial rule in 1957, becoming the first sub-Saharan African country to achieve independence.

The Scramble for Africa left a legacy of enduring ethnic conflicts and tensions, as European powers often divided African societies along arbitrary boundaries, leading to post-colonial conflicts and challenges.