Strain theory argues that crime is caused by the strain or pressure that individuals experience when they are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means.

Social disorganization theory argues that crime is more likely to occur in areas with weak social ties and a lack of community cohesion.

Social learning theory argues that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others, such as family members, peers, and the media.

Rational choice theory argues that individuals engage in criminal behavior when they believe that the benefits outweigh the costs.

Research has shown that children who are exposed to violence, either directly or indirectly, are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.

Biosocial theory argues that criminal behavior is influenced by a combination of biological and social factors, such as genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental stressors.

Psychological theory argues that mental illness can contribute to criminal behavior, particularly when individuals are unable to control their impulses or make rational decisions.

Labeling theory argues that labeling someone as a criminal can lead to a variety of negative consequences, including social stigma, reduced opportunities for employment, and an increased likelihood of recidivism.

Conflict theory argues that crime is a product of social inequality, as individuals from marginalized groups may resort to crime as a means of resistance or survival.

Environmental criminology argues that the physical environment can influence crime rates, such as through the presence of crime-prone areas or the lack of opportunities for legitimate employment.

Cultural deviance theory argues that crime is a product of cultural norms and values that encourage or tolerate criminal behavior.

Media effects theory argues that the media can influence crime rates by glorifying criminal behavior or by creating a climate of fear and distrust.

Biosocial theory argues that criminal behavior is influenced by a combination of biological and social factors, including genetics.

Economic theory argues that crime rates are influenced by economic factors, such as unemployment, poverty, and income inequality.

Social control theory argues that crime is prevented by the presence of strong social bonds and the fear of punishment.