Human capital contributes to economic development primarily by enhancing the productivity of labor. This is because individuals with higher levels of education, skills, and experience are able to produce more output per unit of time.

Physical health is not a component of human capital. While good health can contribute to productivity, it is not considered a form of human capital because it is not acquired through education, training, or experience.

Education contributes to human capital development by providing individuals with knowledge and skills, enhancing critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, and fostering creativity and innovation.

On-the-job training refers to learning a new skill or knowledge while working. This can include learning from experienced colleagues, attending workshops or seminars, or participating in job rotation programs.

Experience contributes to human capital development by increasing the ability to apply knowledge and skills in practical settings. This is because individuals who have worked in a particular field or industry for a period of time gain valuable insights and expertise that can enhance their productivity.

Increased government spending is not a benefit of investing in human capital. While government spending can contribute to human capital development through investments in education, training, and healthcare, it is not a direct benefit of human capital itself.

Human capital contributes to technological innovation by providing the knowledge and skills necessary for research and development, fostering creativity and innovation, and increasing the demand for new technologies.

Human capital spillovers occur when the skills and knowledge of one individual benefit others. This can happen within the same firm, between firms, or between workers and consumers.

Human capital contributes to economic growth in the long run by increasing the supply of labor, enhancing the productivity of labor, and promoting technological innovation.

Abundant natural resources are not a challenge to human capital development in developing countries. In fact, natural resources can be a source of wealth and economic growth, which can be used to invest in human capital development.

Governments can promote human capital development by investing in education and training, providing healthcare and nutrition programs, and promoting gender equality and women's empowerment.

Human capital investments are those that aim to improve the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals. This can include building new schools, providing scholarships to students, and offering job training programs.

Human capital contributes to social and economic mobility by providing individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to move up the economic ladder, reducing income inequality, and promoting social inclusion and reducing poverty.

IQ score is not a measure of human capital. While IQ can be a predictor of academic success and job performance, it is not a direct measure of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that contribute to economic productivity.

Human capital contributes to sustainable economic growth by increasing the efficiency of resource use, promoting innovation and technological progress, and enhancing the resilience of economies to shocks.