Independent agencies are tasked with adjudicating disputes, which involves impartially resolving conflicts and making decisions based on the law and evidence presented.

Independent agencies are typically not subject to political influence, have more power than government departments, and are often smaller in size.

Independent agencies may have the power to make rules and regulations, investigate and prosecute violations, and issue licenses and permits.

Independent agencies cannot make laws, as this power is reserved for the legislative branch of government.

Independent agencies play a role in the separation of powers by ensuring that the three branches of government are coequal, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful, and promoting checks and balances among the three branches.

Independent agencies have been criticized for not being accountable to the public, being too bureaucratic, and being too powerful.

Proposals for reforming independent agencies include making them more accountable to the public, reducing their bureaucracy, and limiting their power.

The Federal Reserve, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Environmental Protection Agency are all examples of independent agencies in the United States.

Independent agencies promote public participation in government by providing opportunities for public input in their decision-making processes, holding public hearings and meetings, and allowing for public comment on proposed rules and regulations.

Independent agencies contribute to the efficiency of government by being able to make decisions more quickly, having specialized expertise in their respective fields, and not being subject to the same political pressures as traditional government agencies.

Independent agencies face challenges such as being captured by the industries they regulate, being subject to political interference, and being bureaucratic and slow-moving.

The independence of independent agencies can be strengthened by limiting the president's ability to appoint and remove agency heads, providing agencies with secure funding, and giving agencies the authority to hire and fire their own employees.

Independent agencies play a role in protecting individual rights by investigating and prosecuting violations of individual rights, issuing rulings that protect individual rights, and providing legal assistance to individuals who have had their rights violated.

Independent agencies contribute to the development of public policy by conducting research and analysis on policy issues, making recommendations to policymakers, and implementing and enforcing public policies.

The effectiveness of independent agencies is determined by a combination of factors, including the independence of the agency, the expertise of the agency's staff, and the resources available to the agency.